NAME
create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect - bitmap generator for rectangular
conductor inside rectangular conductor (part of atlc)
SYNOPSIS
create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect [options... ] W H w h Er outfile.bmp
WARNING
This man page is not a complete set of documentation - the complexity
of the atlc project makes man pages not an ideal way to document it,
although out of completeness, man pages are produced. The best
documentation that was current at the time the version was produced
should be found on your hard drive, usually at
/usr/local/share/atlc/docs/html-docs/index.html
although it might be elsewhere if your system administrator chose to
install the package elsewhere. Sometimes, errors are corrected in the
documentation and placed at http://atlc.sourceforge.net/ before a new
release of atlc is released. Please, if you notice a problem with the
documentation - even spelling errors and typos, please let me know.
DESCRIPTION
create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect is a pre-processor for atlc, the finite
difference program that is used to calculate the properties of a two-
conductor electrical transmission line of arbitrary cross section. The
program create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect is used as a fast way of
generating bitmaps (there is no need to use a graphics program), for a
rectangular conductor placed centrally inside another rectangular
conductor, like this:
----------------------------------------------------- ^
| | |
| Dielectric, permittivity=Er | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <----------w-----------> | |
| ------------------------ ^ | |
| | | | | |
| | Metallic conductor | | | H
| | conductor (must be | h | |
| | in the centre) | | | |
| | | | | |
| ------------------------ ^ | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
----------------------------------------------------- |
<---------------------------W----------------------->
The parameters ’W’ and ’H’ and the inner dimensions of the outer
conductor. The outer dimensions of the inner conductor are ’w’ and
’h’. The inner conductor is assumed be be placed centrally inside the
outer conductor. The spaced between the two conductors is filled with a
dielectric of relative permittivity Er
The bitmaps produced by create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect are 24-bit bit
colour bitmaps, as required by atlc.
The permittivity of the bitmap, set by ’Er’, determine the colours in
the bitmap. If Er is 1.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.33, 2.5, 3.3, 3.335, 4.8 or 10.2,
then the colour corresponding to that permittivity will be set
according to the colours defined in COLOURS below. If Er is not one of
those permittivities, the region of permittivity Er will be set to the
colour 0xCAFF00. The program atlc does not know what these
permittivites are, so they atlc, must be told with the comand line
option -d, as in example 4 below.
OPTIONS
-b bitmapsize
is used to set the size of the bitmap, and so the accuracy to which
atlc is able to calculate the transmission line’s properties. The
default value for ’bitmapsize’ is normally 4, although this is set at
compile time. The value can be set anywhere from 1 to 15, but more than
8 is probably not sensible.
-f outfile
Set the output filename. By default, the bitmap is sent to stdout, but
it *must* be sent to a file, with this option, or as described above.
-v
Causes create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect to print some data to stdout.
COLOURS
The 24-bit bitmaps that atlc expects, have 8 bits assigned to represent
the amount of red, 8 for blue and 8 for green. Hence there are 256
levels of red, green and blue, making a total of 256*256*256=16777216
colours. Every one of the possible 16777216 colours can be defined
precisely by the stating the exact amount of red, green and blue, as
in:
red = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000
green = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00
blue = 000,000,255 or 0x0000ff
black = 000,000,000 or 0x000000
white = 255,255,255 or 0xffffff
Brown = 255,000,255 or 0xff00ff
gray = 142,142,142 or 0x8e8e8e
Some colours, such as pink, turquoise, sandy, brown, gray etc may mean
slightly different things to different people. This is not so with
atlc, as the program expects the colours below to be EXACTLY defined as
given. Whether you feel the colour is sandy or yellow is up to you, but
if you use it in your bitmap, then it either needs to be a colour
recognised by atlc, or you must define it with a command line option
(see OPTIONS and example 5 below).
The following conductors are recognised by atlc:
red = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000 is the live conductor.
green = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00 is the grounded conductor.
blue = 000,000,000 or 0x000000 is the negative conductor
All bitmaps must have the live (red) and grounded (green) conductor.
The blue conductor is not currently supported, but it will be used to
indicate a negative conductor, which will be needed if/when the program
gets extended to analyse directional couplers.
The following dielectrics are recognised by atlc and so are produced by
create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect.
white 255,255,255 or 0xFFFFFF as Er=1.0 (vacuum)
pink 255,202,202 or 0xFFCACA as Er=1.0006 (air)
light blue 130,052,255 or 0x8235Ef as Er=2.1 (PTFE)
Mid gray 142,242,142 or 0x8E8E8E as Er=2.2 (duroid 5880)
mauve 255.000,255 or 0xFF00FF as Er=2.33 (polyethylene) yellow
255,255,000 or 0xFFFF00 as Er=2.5 (polystyrene)
sandy 239,203,027 or 0xEFCC1A as Er=3.3 (PVC)
brown 188,127,096 or 0xBC7F60 as Er=3.335 (epoxy resin)
Turquoise 026,239,179 or 0x1AEFB3 as Er=4.8 (glass PCB)
Dark gray 142,142,142 or ox696969 as Er=6.15 (duroid 6006)
L. gray 240,240,240 or 0xDCDCDC as Er=10.2 (duroid 6010)
D. orange 213,130,067 or 0xD5A04D as Er=100.0 (mainly for test
purposes)
If the permittivity is one not in the above list, then those parts of
the image with Er will be set to 0xCAFF00.
EXAMPLES
Here are a few examples of the use of create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect.
Again, see the html documentation in atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-
doc/index.html for more examples.
1) In the first example, there is just a vacuum dielectric, so Er=1.0.
The inner of 1x1 inches (or mm, miles etc) is placed centrally in an
outer with dimensions 3.3 x 3.9 inches.
% create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect 3.3 3.9 1 1 1 > 1.bmp
% atlc 1.bmp
2) In this second example, an inner of 15.0 mm x 5.0 mm is surrounded
by an outer with internal dimensions of 71.5 x 60.0 mm. There is a
material with permittivity 2.1 (Er of PTFE) around the inner conductor.
The output from create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect is sent to a file
2.bmp, which is then processed by atlc
% create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect 71.5 60.0 15.0 5.0 2.1 > 2.bmp
% atlc 2.bmp
3) In example 3, the bitmap is made larger, to increase accuracy, but
otherwise this is identical to the second example. %
create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect -b7 71.5 60 15 5 2.1 > 3.bmp
% atlc 3.bmp
In the fourth example, instead of re-directing
create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect’s output to a file with the > sign, it
is done using the -f option.
% create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect -f 4.bmp 61.5 28.1 5 22 2.1
% atlc 4.bmp
SEE ALSO
atlc(1) create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ(1) create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect(1)
create_bmp_for_microstrip_coupler(1)
create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect_coupler(1)
create_bmp_for_rect_in_circ(1) create_bmp_for_rect_in_rect(1)
create_bmp_for_stripline_coupler(1)
create_bmp_for_symmetrical_stripline(1) design_coupler(1)
find_optimal_dimensions_for_microstrip_coupler(1) readbin(1)
http://atlc.sourceforge.net - Home page
http://sourceforge.net/projects/atlc - Download area
atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs/index.html - HTML docs
atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/qex-december-1996/atlc.pdf - theory paper
atlc-X.Y.Z/examples - examples