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NAME

       libraptor - Raptor RDF parser and serializer library

SYNOPSIS

       #include <raptor.h>

       raptor_init();
       raptor_parser *p=raptor_new_parser("rdfxml");
       raptor_set_statement_handler(p,NULL,print_triples);
       raptor_uri *file_uri=raptor_new_uri("http://example.org/");
       raptor_parse_file(p,file_uri,base_uri);
       raptor_parse_uri(p,uri,NULL);
       raptor_free_parser(p);
       raptor_free_uri(file_uri);
       raptor_finish();

       cc file.c -lraptor

DESCRIPTION

       The  Raptor library provides a high-level interface to a set of parsers
       and serializers that  generate  Resource  Description  Framework  (RDF)
       triples by parsing syntaxes or serialize the triples into syntaxes.

       The  supported  parsing  syntaxes  include  RDF/XML, N-Triples, Turtle,
       TRiG, RSS tag soup (including all RSS and Atoms), GRDDL, RDFa  and  the
       serializing  syntaxes include RDF/XML (3 varieties), N-Triples, Turtle,
       RSS 1.0, Atom 1.0, GraphViz DOT and RDF/JSON.  The RDF/XML  parser  can
       use  either  expat  or  libxml  XML parsers for providing the SAX event
       stream.  The library functions are arranged in an object-oriented style
       with  constructors,  destructors  and method calls.  The statements and
       error messages are delivered via callback functions.

       Raptor contains a URI-reference parsing and resolving  (not  retrieval)
       class  (raptor_uri)  sufficient  for dealing with URI-references inside
       RDF.  This functionality is modular and can be  transparently  replaced
       with another existing and compatible URI implementation.

       It  also  provides  a  URI-retrieval  class  (raptor_www)  for wrapping
       existing library such as libcurl, libxml2 or BSD libfetch that provides
       full  or  partial  retrieval  of  data  from  URIs  and  an  I/O stream
       abstraction (raptor_iostream) for supportin serializing to a variety of
       outputs.

       Raptor  uses  Unicode  strings  for RDF literals and URIs and preserves
       them throughout the library.  It uses the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode  at
       the  API  for  passing in or returning Unicode strings.  It is intended
       that   the   preservation   of   Unicode   for   URIs   will    support
       Internationalized  Resource  Identifiers  (IRIs)  which are still under
       development and standardisation.

LIBRARY INITIALISATION AND CLEANUP

       raptor_init()

       raptor_finish()
              Initialise and cleanup the library.  These must be called before
              any raptor class such as raptor_parser, raptor_uri is created or
              used.  Note: as of 1.4.19 these are  wrappers  around  a  static
              instance  of  the  new  raptor_world  class.  In Raptor 2.0 this
              initialisation and cleanup method will be removed.

       void                       raptor_set_libxslt_security_preferences(void
       *security_preferences)
              Set libxslt security preferences object.

       void raptor_set_libxml_flags(int flags)
              Set       libxml       flags       from       the       choices:
              RAPTOR_LIBXML_FLAGS_GENERIC_ERROR_SAVE:  save/restore the libxml
              generic      error      handler      when      parsing       and
              RAPTOR_LIBXML_FLAGS_STRUCTURED_ERROR_SAVE:    save/restore   the
              libxml structured error handler when parsing.

PARSER CLASS

       This class provides the functionality  of  turning  syntaxes  into  RDF
       triples - RDF parsing.

PARSER CONSTRUCTORS

       raptor_parser* raptor_new_parser(name)
              Create  a new raptor parser object for the parser with name name
              currently either "rdfxml", "turtle" or  "rss-tag-soup"  for  the
              RSS Tag Soup parser.

       raptor_parser*   raptor_new_parser_for_content(raptor_uri  *uri,  const
       char  *mime_type,  const  unsigned  char  *buffer,  size_t  len,  const
       unsigned char *identifier)
              Create a new raptor parser object for a syntax identified by URI
              uri, MIME type mime_type, some initial content  buffer  of  size
              len   or   content   with   identifier   identifier.    See  the
              raptor_guess_parser_name description for further details.

PARSER DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_parser(raptor_parser *parser)
              Destroy a Raptor parser object.

PARSER MESSAGE CALLBACK METHODS

       Several methods  can  be  registered  for  the  parser  that  return  a
       variable-argument message in the style of printf(3).  These also return
       a raptor_locator that can contain URI,  file,  line,  column  and  byte
       counts  of  where the message is about. This structure can be used with
       the raptor_format_locator, raptor_print_locator functions below or  the
       structures fields directly, which are defined in raptor.h

       void    raptor_set_fatal_error_handler(raptor_parser*    parser,   void
       *user_data, raptor_message_handler handler)
              Set the parser fatal error handler callback.

       void  raptor_set_error_handler(raptor_parser*  parser, void *user_data,
       raptor_message_handler handler)
              Set the parser non-fatal error handler callback.

       void raptor_set_warning_handler(raptor_parser* parser, void *user_data,
       raptor_message_handler handler)
              Set the parser warning message handler callback.

       raptor_set_namespace_handler(raptor_parser*  parser,  void*  user_data,
       raptor_namespace_handler handler)
              Set the namespace declaration handler callback.

PARSER STATEMENT CALLBACK METHOD

       The parser allows the registration of a callback function to return the
       statements to the application.

       void    raptor_set_statement_handler(raptor_parser*    parser,     void
       *user_data, raptor_statement_handler handler)
              Set  the  statement  callback  function  for  the  parser.   The
              raptor_statement  structure  is defined in raptor.h and includes
              fields for the subject,  predicate,  object  of  the  statements
              along  with their types and for literals, language and datatype.

PARSER PARSING METHODS

       These methods perform the entire parsing  in  one  method.   Statements
       warnings,  errors  and  fatal  errors  are delivered via the registered
       statement, error etc. handler functions.

       In both of these methods, the base URI  is  required  for  the  RDF/XML
       parser  (name  "rdfxml")  and  Turtle  parser  (name "turtle").  The N-
       Triples parser (name "ntriples") or RSS Tag Soup parser (name "rss-tag-
       soup") do not use this.

       int    raptor_parse_file(raptor_parser*   parser,    raptor_uri   *uri,
       raptor_uri *base_uri)
              Parse the given filename (a URI like file:filename) according to
              the optional base URI base_uri.   If  uri  is  NULL,  read  from
              standard input and base_uri is then required.

       int raptor_parse_file_stream(raptor_parser* parser, FILE* stream, const
       char* filename, raptor_uri *base_uri)
              Parse  the  given  C  FILE*  stream  according  to  the base URI
              base_uri (required).  filename is optional and if given, is used
              for error messages via the raptor_locator structure.

       int    raptor_parse_uri(raptor_parser*    parser,    raptor_uri*   uri,
       raptor_uri *base_uri)
              Parse the URI according to the base URI base_uri, or NULL if not
              needed.  If no base URI is given, the uri is used.  This  method
              depends  on  the  raptor_www  subsystem  (see  WWW Class section
              below) and an existing underlying URI  retrieval  implementation
              such as libcurl, libxml or BSD libfetch to retrieve the content.

PARSER CHUNKED PARSING METHODS

       These methods perform the parsing  in  parts  by  working  on  multiple
       chunks  of  memory  passed  by  the  application.  Statements warnings,
       errors and fatal errors are delivered  via  the  registered  statement,
       error etc. handler functions.

       int raptor_start_parse(raptor_parser* parser, const char *uri)
              Start  a  parse of chunked content with the base URI uri or NULL
              if not needed.  The base URI is required for the RDF/XML  parser
              (name  "rdfxml")  and  Turtle  parser  (name  "turtle").  The N-
              Triples parser (name "ntriples") or RSS Tag  Soup  parser  (name
              "rss-tag-soup") do not use this.

       int  raptor_parse_chunk(raptor_parser*  parser,   const  unsigned  char
       *buffer, size_t len, int is_end)
              Parse  the memory at buffer of size len returning statements via
              the statement handler  callback.   If  is_end  is  non-zero,  it
              indicates  the  end of the parsing stream.  This method can only
              be called after raptor_start_parse().

PARSER UTILITY METHODS

       const char* raptor_get_mime_type(raptor_parser* rdf_parser)
              Return the MIME type for the parser.

       void raptor_set_parser_strict(raptor_parser *parser, int is_strict)
              Set the parser to strict (is_strict not zero) or  lax  (default)
              mode.   The  detail  of  the  strictness  can  be  controlled by
              raptor_set_feature.

       int raptor_set_feature(raptor_parser *parser,  raptor_feature  feature,
       int value)
              Set a parser feature feature to a particular value.  Returns non
              0  on failure or if the feature is unknown.  The current defined
              parser features are:
                Feature                                 Values
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_ALLOW_BAGID              Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_ALLOW_NON_NS_ATTRIBUTES  Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_ALLOW_OTHER_PARSETYPES   Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_ALLOW_RDF_TYPE_RDF_LIST  Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_ASSUME_IS_RDF            Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_CHECK_RDF_ID             Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_HTML_LINK                Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_HTML_TAG_SOUP            Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_MICROFORMATS             Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_NON_NFC_FATAL            Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_NORMALIZE_LANGUAGE       Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_NO_NET                   Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_RELATIVE_URIS            Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_SCANNING                 Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_WARN_OTHER_PARSETYPES    Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_WWW_TIMEOUT              Integer
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_WWW_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL   String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_WWW_HTTP_USER_AGENT      String

       If the allow_bagid feature is true  (default  true)  then  the  RDF/XML
       parser  will  support the rdf:bagID attribute that was removed from the
       RDF/XML language when it was revised.  This support may be  removed  in
       future.

       If the allow_non_ns_attributes feature is true (default true), then the
       RDF/XML parser will allow non-XML namespaced attributes to be  accepted
       as well as rdf: namespaced ones.  For example, ’about’ and ’ID’ will be
       interpreted as if they were rdf:about and rdf:ID respectively.

       If the allow_other_parsetypes feature is true (default true)  then  the
       RDF/XML  parser  will  allow  unknown parsetypes to be present and will
       pass them on to the user.  Unimplemented at present.

       If the allow_rdf_type_rdf_list feature is true (default false) then the
       RDF/XML parser will generate the idList rdf:type rdf:List triple in the
       handling of rdf:parseType="Collection".  This triple was removed during
       the revising of RDF/XML after collections were initially added.

       If  the assume_is_rdf feature is true (default false), then the RDF/XML
       parser will assume the content is RDF/XML,  not  require  that  rdf:RDF
       root element, and immediately interpret the content as RDF/XML.

       If  the  check_rdf_id feature is true (default true) then rdf:ID values
       will be checked for duplicates and cause an error if found.

       if the  html_link  feature  is  true  (default  true),  look  for  head
       &lt;link&gt; to type rdf/xml for GRDDL parser

       If  the  html_tag_soup  feature  is true (default true), use a lax HTML
       parser if an XML parser fails when read HTML for GRDDL parser.

       If  the  microformats  feature  is  true  (default  true),   look   for
       microformats for GRDDL parser.

       If  the  non_nfc_fatal  feature  is  true  (default false) then illegal
       Unicode Normal Form C in literals will give a fatal error, otherwise it
       gives a warning.

       If  the  normalize_language  feature  is  true  (default true) then XML
       language values such as from xml:lang will be normalized to  lowercase.

       If the no_net feature is true (default false) then network requests are
       denied.

       If the scanning feature is  true  (default  false),  then  the  RDF/XML
       parser  will look for embedded rdf:RDF elements inside the XML content,
       and not require that the XML start with an rdf:RDF root element.

       If the www_timeout feature is set to an integer larger than 0, it  sets
       the  timeout  in  seconds  for  internal WWW URI requests for the GRDDL
       parser.

       If the www_http_cache_control feature is set to a string value (default
       none),  it  is  sent  as the value of the HTTP Cache-Control: header in
       requests.

       If the www_http_user_agent feature is set to a string value, it is sent
       as the value of the HTTP User-Agent: header in requests.

       raptor_parser_set_feature_string(raptor_parser  *parser, raptor_feature
       feature, const unsigned char *value)
              Set  a  parser  feature  feature  to  a particular string value.
              Returns non 0 on failure or if  the  feature  is  unknown.   The
              current  defined parser features are given in raptor_set_feature
              and at present only take integer values.  If  an  integer  value
              feature  is  set  with this function, value is interpreted as an
              integer and then that value is used.

       int raptor_get_feature(raptor_parser* parser, raptor_feature feature)
              Get parser feature integer values.  The allowed  feature  values
              and types are given under raptor_features_enumerate.

       const   unsigned  char*  raptor_parser_get_feature_string(raptor_parser
       *parser, raptor_feature feature)
              Get parser feature string values. The allowed feature values and
              types are given under raptor_features_enumerate.

       unsigned int raptor_get_feature_count(void)
              Get the count of features  defined.   Prefered  to  the  compile
              time-only  symbol  RAPTOR_FEATURE_LAST which returns the maximum
              value, not the count.  Added raptor_get_need_base_uri

       int raptor_feature_value_type(const raptor_feature feature)
              Get a raptor feature value tyype - integer or string.

       raptor_locator* raptor_get_locator(raptor_parser* rdf_parser)
              Return the current raptor_locator object for the  parser.   This
              is  a  public  structure  defined  in  raptor.h that can be used
              directly, or formatted via raptor_print_locator.

       void raptor_get_name(raptor_parser *parser)
              Return the string short name for the parser.

       void raptor_get_label(raptor_parser *parser)
              Return a string label for the parser.

       void           raptor_set_default_generate_id_parameters(raptor_parser*
       rdf_parser, char *prefix, int base)
              Control the default method for generation of IDs for blank nodes
              and  bags.  The method uses a short string prefix and an integer
              base to generate the identifier which is not guaranteed to be  a
              strict  concatenation.   If prefix is NULL, the default is used.
              If base is less than 1, it is initialised to 1.

       void   raptor_set_generate_id_handler(raptor_parser*    parser,    void
       *user_data, raptor_generate_id_handler handler)
              Allow full customisation of  the  generated  IDs  by  setting  a
              callback   handler  and  associated  user_data  that  is  called
              whenever a blank node or bag identifier is required.  The memory
              returned  is  deallocated  inside  raptor.  Some systems require
              this to be allocated inside the same library, in which case  the
              raptor_alloc_memory function may be useful.

       void         raptor_parser_set_uri_filter(raptor_parser*        parser,
       raptor_uri_filter_func filter, void* user_data)
              Set  the  URI  filter  function filter for URIs retrieved during
              parsing by the the raptor_parser.

       int raptor_get_need_base_uri(raptor_parser* rdf_parser)
              Get a boolean whether this parser needs  a  base  URI  to  start
              parsing.

       unsigned   char*  raptor_parser_generate_id(raptor_parser*  rdf_parser,
       raptor_genid_type type)
              Generate   an   ID   for   a   parser   of   type  type,  either
              RAPTOR_GENID_TYPE_BNODEID or RAPTOR_GENID_TYPE_BAGID.  This uses
              any configuration set by raptor_set_generate_id_handler.

       void  raptor_set_graph_handler(raptor_parser*  parser, void* user_data,
       raptor_graph_handler handler)
              Set the graph handler callback.

       raptor_world* raptor_parser_get_world(raptor_parser* rdf_parser)
              Get the world object for the given rdf_parser.

PARSER UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       int  raptor_parsers_enumerate(const  unsigned  int  counter, const char
       **name, const char **label)
              Return  the  parser name/label for a parser with a given integer
              counter, returning non-zero if no such  parser  at  that  offset
              exists.  The counter should start from 0 and be incremented by 1
              until the function returns non-zero.

       int raptor_syntaxes_enumerate(const unsigned int  counter,  const  char
       **name, const char **label, const char **mime_type, const unsigned char
       **uri-string)
              Return the name, label, mime type or URI string  (all  optional)
              for a parser syntax with a given integer counter, returning non-
              zero if no such  syntax  parser  at  that  offset  exists.   The
              counter  should  start  from 0 and be incremented by 1 until the
              function returns non-zero.

       int raptor_features_enumerate(const raptor_feature feature, const  char
       **name, raptor_uri **uri, const char **label)
              Return the name, URI, string label (all optional) for  a  parser
              feature, returning non-zero if no such feature exists.

       Raptor   features   have   URIs  that  are  constructed  from  the  URI
       http://feature.librdf.org/raptor- and the name so for  example  feature
       scanForRDF has URI http://feature.librdf.org/raptor-scanForRDF

       int raptor_syntax_name_check(const char *name)
              Check name is a known syntax name.

       const   char*   raptor_guess_parser_name(raptor_uri  *uri,  const  char
       *mime_type, const unsigned char *buffer,  size_t  len,  const  unsigned
       char *identifier)
              Guess  a  parser  name  for a syntax identified by URI uri, MIME
              type mime_type, some initial content buffer of size len or  with
              content  identifier  identifier.   All  of  these parameters are
              optional and only used if not NULL.  The  parser  is  chosen  by
              scoring the hints that are given.

       raptor_feature raptor_feature_from_uri(raptor_uri *uri)
              Turn  a  URI  uri into a raptor feature identifier, or <0 if the
              feature   is   unknown.    The   URIs   are   described    below
              raptor_set_feature.

STATEMENT UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       int    raptor_statement_compare(const   raptor_statement   *s1,   const
       raptor_statement *s2)
              Compare two statements and return an ordering between them.

       void  raptor_print_statement(const  raptor_statement*  const statement,
       FILE *stream)
              Print a raptor statement object in a simple format for debugging
              only.  The format of this output is not guaranteed to remain the
              same between releases.

       void     raptor_print_statement_as_ntriples(const     raptor_statement*
       statement, FILE *stream)
              Print  a  raptor statement object in N-Triples format, using all
              the   escapes   as    defined    in    http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-
              testcases/#ntriples

       raptor_statement_part_as_counted_string(const        void        *term,
       raptor_identifier_type  type,   raptor_uri*   literal_datatype,   const
       unsigned char *literal_language, size_t* len_p)

       char*       raptor_statement_part_as_string(const      void      *term,
       raptor_identifier_type  type,   raptor_uri*   literal_datatype,   const
       unsigned char *literal_language)
              Turns  part of raptor statement into N-Triples format, using all
              the   escapes   as    defined    in    http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-
              testcases/#ntriples The part (subject, predicate, object) of the
              raptor_statement  is  passed  in  as   term,   the   part   type
              (subject_type,  predicate_type,  object_type)  is  passed  in as
              type.  When the part is  a  literal,  the  literal_datatype  and
              literal_language   fields   are  set,  otherwise  NULL  (usually
              object_datatype, object_literal_language).

              If raptor_statement_part_as_counted_string is used,  the  length
              of the returned string is stored in *len_p if not NULL.

LOCATOR UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       int  raptor_format_locator(char *buffer, size_t length, raptor_locator*
       locator)
              This method takes a raptor_locator object as passed to an error,
              warning or other handler callback and formats it into the buffer
              of   size  length  bytes.   If  buffer  is  NULL  or  length  is
              insufficient for the size of the formatted locator, returns  the
              number  of  additional bytes required in the buffer to write the
              locator.

              In particular, if this form is used:
                length=raptor_format_locator(NULL, 0, locator) it will  return
              in length the size of a buffer that can be allocated for locator
              and a second call will perform the formatting:
                raptor_format_locator(buffer, length, locator)

       void raptor_print_locator(FILE *stream, raptor_locator* locator)
              This method takes a raptor_locator object as passed to an error,
              warning  or other handler callback, formats and prints it to the
              given stdio stream.

       int raptor_locator_line(raptor_locator *locator)
              Returns the line number in a locator  structure  or  <0  if  not
              available.

       int raptor_locator_column(raptor_locator *locator)
              Returns  the  column  number in a locator structure or <0 if not
              available.

       int raptor_locator_byte(raptor_locator *locator)
              Returns the byte offset in a locator  structure  or  <0  if  not
              available.

       const char * raptor_locator_file(raptor_locator *locator)
              Returns  the  filename  in  a  locator  structure or NULL if not
              available.  Note the returned pointer is to a shared string that
              must be copied if needed.

       const char * raptor_locator_uri(raptor_locator *locator)
              Returns  the  URI  string  in a locator structure or NULL if not
              available.  Note this does not return a raptor_uri* pointer  and
              the  returned  pointer is to a shared string that must be copied
              if needed.

N-TRIPLES UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       void raptor_print_ntriples_string(FILE*  stream,  const  char*  string,
       const char delim)
              This is a standalone  function  that  prints  the  given  string
              according   to   N-Triples   escaping  rules,  expecting  to  be
              terminated by delimiter delim which is usually either ’, " or <.
              If a null delimiter \0 is given, no extra escaping is performed.

       int raptor_iostream_write_string_ntriples(raptor_iostream *iostr, const
       unsigned char *string, size_t len, const char delim)
              Write an N-Triples  encoded  version  of  the  given  string  to
              iostream iostr.  If delim is given, that is the ending delimeter
              of the encoded string and it will be escaped in  the  output  as
              appropriate.   Useful  delim  values  are ’, " and >.  If a null
              delimiter \0 is given, no extra escaping is performed.

       int raptor_iostream_write_string_python(raptor_iostream  *iostr,  const
       unsigned char *string, size_t len, const char delim, int flags)
              Write string encoded to an iostream according to  the  delimeter
              delim  and  encoding  flags.   The flag value selects formatting
              according to the appropriate Python-related languages such as N-
              Triples  (0),  Turtle  (1),  Turtle long quoted string (2), JSON
              (3).

       void  raptor_iostream_write_statement_ntriples(raptor_iostream*  iostr,
       const raptor_statement *statement)
              Write an  N-Triples  encoded  version  of  the  raptor_statement
              statement to iostream iostr.

       void  raptor_iostream_write_string_turtle(raptor_iostream* iostr, const
       unsigned char* string, size_t len)
              DEPRECATED  in  1.4.17 - use raptor_iostream_write_string_python
              instead.  Write an UTF-8 string of length len using  the  Turtle
              "longString" triple quoting format to the iostream iostr.

       const  char*  raptor_ntriples_term_as_string (raptor_ntriples_term_type
       term)
              Deprecated, for internal use.

XML UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       int  raptor_xml_any_escape_string(const  unsigned  char* string, size_t
       len, unsigned char* buffer, size_t length, char quote, int xml_version,
       raptor_simple_message_handler error_handler, void* error_data)

       int  raptor_xml_escape_string(const  unsigned char *string, size_t len,
       unsigned    char    *buffer,     size_t     length,     char     quote,
       raptor_message_handler error_handler, void *error_data)
              Apply  the  XML  escaping  rules to the string given in (string,
              len) into the buffer of size length.  If  quote  is  given,  the
              escaped  content  is  for  an  XML attribute and the appropriate
              quote character XML element content (CDATA).   The error_handler
              method  along with error_data allow error reporting to be given.
              If buffer is NULL, returns the size of the  buffer  required  to
              escape.   Otherwise the return value is the number of bytes used
              or <0 on failure.

              When an xml_version argument is present and has a value 10  (XML
              1.0)  or  11  (XML  1.1) then that version is used.  The default
              with no argument is to generate XML 1.0.

       int       raptor_iostream_write_xml_any_escaped_string(raptor_iostream*
       iostr,  const  unsigned  char*  string,  size_t  len,  char  quote, int
       xml_version,   raptor_simple_message_handler    error_handler,    void*
       error_data)

       int  raptor_iostream_write_xml_escaped_string(raptor_iostream*   iostr,
       const    unsigned    char    *string,    size_t    len,   char   quote,
       raptor_simple_message_handler error_handler, void *error_data)
              Write an XML-escaped version of the  string  given  in  (string,
              len)  to iostream iostr.  If quote is given, the escaped content
              is for an XML attribute and the appropriate quote  character  is
              used,   otherwise  it  is  XML  element  content  (CDATA).   The
              error_handler method along with error_data allow error reporting
              to be given.

              When  an xml_version argument is present and has a value 10 (XML
              1.0) or 11 (XML 1.1) then that version  is  used.   The  default
              with no argument is to generate XML 1.0.

       int  raptor_xml_name_check(const  unsigned char *string, size_t length,
       int xml_version)
              Check  that the given string of length bytes is a legal XML name
              according to XML 1.0 or XML 1.1.  xml_version is set to 10 or 11
              respectively.  Returns non-zero if the name is legal.

MEMORY UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       void raptor_free_memory(void *ptr)
              Free  memory  allocated  inside  raptor.   Some  systems require
              memory allocated in a library  to  be  deallocated  inside  that
              library.   This  function  can be used in that situation to free
              memory allocated by raptor, such  as  the  result  of  the  _to_
              methods     that     return    allocated    memory    such    as
              raptor_uri_to_filename,                    raptor_uri_to_string,
              raptor_uri_to_relative_counted_uri_string,
              raptor_uri_to_relative_uri_string                             or
              raptor_new_namespace_parts_from_string.

       void* raptor_alloc_memory(size_t size)
              Allocate memory inside the raptor library.  Some systems require
              memory allocated in a library  to  be  deallocated  inside  that
              library.   This  function  can  be  used  in  that  situation to
              allocate memory for raptor to free later,  such  as  inside  the
              handler  function  declared  with raptor_set_generate_id_handler
              which returns new memory.

       void* raptor_calloc_memory(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
              Allocate zeroed array of  items  inside  raptor.   Some  systems
              require  memory  allocated in a library to be deallocated inside
              that library.  This function can be used in  that  situation  to
              clear  an  array  of  allocated  memory  for  raptor to use, for
              freeing later, such as inside the handler function declared with
              raptor_set_generate_id_handler which returns new memory.

UNICODE UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       int   raptor_unicode_char_to_utf8(raptor_unichar   c,   unsigned   char
       *output)
              Turn  a  Unicode  character  into UTF8 bytes in output of size c
              bytes which must be of sufficient size.  Returns the  number  of
              bytes encoded or <0 on failure.

       int  raptor_utf8_to_unicode_char(raptor_unichar *output, const unsigned
       char *input, int length)
              Decode  a  sequence  UTF8  bytes  in input of size length into a
              Unicode character in output returning the number of  bytes  used
              or <0 on failure.

       int raptor_utf8_check(const unsigned char *string, size_t length)
              Check  that  a given string is legal UTF-8 encoding and includes
              only legal  Unicode  characters  U+0  to  U+0x10ffff  inclusive.
              Returns non-0 if the string is good.

       int raptor_unicode_is_xml11_namestartchar(raptor_unichar c)

       int raptor_unicode_is_xml10_namestartchar(raptor_unichar c)

       int raptor_unicode_is_xml11_namechar(raptor_unichar c)

       int raptor_unicode_is_xml10_namechar(raptor-unichar c)
              Check  that  given  Unicode characters are allowed as XML 1.0 or
              XML   1.0   names   -   either   as   the   starting   character
              (*_namestartchar) or continuing character (*_namechar).  Returns
              non-0 if the character is allowed.

ERROR UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       void raptor_error_handlers_init(raptor_error_handlers* error_handlers)
              Initialise an  error_handlers  structure  after  the  log  level
              handlers and user data pointers have been set.

MISCELLANEOUS UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       char* raptor_vsnprintf(const char *message, va_list arguments)
              Compatibility wrapper around vsnprintf.

STATIC VARIABLES

       There are several read-only static variables in the raptor library:

       const char * const raptor_short_copyright_string
              Short copyright string, suitable for one line.

       const char * const raptor_copyright_string
              Full copyright over several lines including URLs.

       const char * const raptor_version_string
              The version as a string

       const unsigned int raptor_version_major
              The major version number as an integer.

       const unsigned int raptor_version_minor
              The minor version number as an integer.

       const unsigned int raptor_version_release
              The release version number as an integer.

       const unsigned int raptor_version_decimal
              The version number as a single decimal.

       const char * const raptor_license_string
              The license string over several lines including URLs.

       const char * const raptor_home_url_string
              The home page URL as a string.

SERIALIZER CLASS

       This  class  provides  the  functionality  of  turning RDF triples into
       syntaxes - RDF serializing.

SERIALIZER CONSTRUCTOR

       raptor_serializer* raptor_new_serializer(const char *name)
              Create a new raptor serializer object for  the  serializer  with
              name name currently either "rdfxml" or "ntriples".  or "rss-1.0"
              for the RSS 1.0 serializer.

SERIALIZER DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_serializer(raptor_serializer* rdf_serializer)
              Destroy a Raptor serializer object.

SERIALIZER SERIALIZING METHODS

       int      raptor_serialize_start(raptor_serializer*      rdf_serializer,
       raptor_uri *uri, raptor_iostream *iostream)
              Start to serialize content using the given iostream to write  to
              with  optional  base  URI uri. The iostream becomes owned by the
              serializer object and is destroyed at  the  end  of  serializing
              when raptor_serialize_end() is called.  Note that  some syntaxes
              may refuse to serialize without a base URI, such as RDF/XML.

       int               raptor_serialize_start_to_iostream(raptor_serializer*
       rdf_serializer, raptor_uri* uri, raptor_iostream* iostream)
              Start to serialize content using the given iostream to write  to
              with  optional base URI uri.  The iostream does NOT become owned
              by the serializer object and the caller may continue to write to
              it  after  serializing is finished.  Note that some syntaxes may
              refuse to serialize without a base URI, such as RDF/XML.

       int               raptor_serialize_start_to_filename(raptor_serializer*
       rdf_serializer, const char *filename)
              Start to serialize content to the file filename which is  opened
              for writing. The base URI is calculated from the file name.

       int raptor_serialize_start_to_string(raptor_serializer* rdf_serializer,
       raptor_uri *uri, void **string_p, size_t *length_p)
              Start  to serialize content to a string.  string_p must point to
              a void* pointer that will be used at the end of  serializing  to
              store the newly allocated string.  length_p if not NULL, it will
              be used to store the length of the new string.  The  serializing
              is  done  with  optional  base URI uri however some syntaxes may
              refuse to serialize without a base URI, such as RDF/XML.

       int            raptor_serialize_start_to_file_handle(raptor_serializer*
       rdf_serializer, raptor_uri *uri, FILE *handle)
              Start to serialize content to the already open  C  Standard  I/O
              FILE* handle with the base URI uri, which is optional and may be
              NULL.  Note that some syntaxes may refuse to serialize without a
              base URI, such as RDF/XML.

       int raptor_serialize_statement(raptor_serializer* rdf_serializer, const
       raptor_statement *statement)
              Serialize a single statement using the serializer.

       int raptor_serialize_end(raptor_serializer* rdf_serializer)
              End  the  serializing.  This may close and delete resources used
              in serializing.  No more calls to raptor_serialize_statement  or
              raptor_serialize_end may be done at this point.

       raptor_iostream*       raptor_serializer_get_iostream(raptor_serializer
       *serializer)
              Return a pointer to the raptor_iostream* used by the serializer.

       int   raptor_serializer_set_namespace(raptor_serializer*    serializer,
       raptor_uri *uri, const char *prefix)
              Set  a  suggested  namespace  URI/prefix  mapping  for  use   in
              serializing.

SERIALIZER UTILITY METHODS

       void raptor_serializer_set_error_handler(raptor_serializer* serializer,
       void *user_data, raptor_message_handler handler)
              Set the serializer non-fatal error handler callback.

       void           raptor_serializer_set_warning_handler(raptor_serializer*
       serializer, void *user_data, raptor_message_handler handler)
              Set the serializer warning message handler callback.

       raptor_locator*        raptor_serializer_get_locator(raptor_serializer*
       rdf_serializer)
              Return  the  current  raptor_locator  object for the serializer.
              This is a public structure defined in raptor.h that can be  used
              directly, or formatted via raptor_print_locator.

       int     raptor_serializer_set_feature(raptor_serializer    *serializer,
       raptor_feature feature, int value)
              Set a serializer feature feature to a particular value.  Returns
              non 0 on failure or if the  feature  is  unknown.   The  current
              defined serializer features are:
                Feature                                 Values
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_RELATIVE_URIS            Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_WRITE_BASE_URI           Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_START_URI                URI String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_BNODE_BORDER             String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_BNODE_FILL               String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_JSON_CALLBACK            String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_JSON_EXTRA_DATA          String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_LITERAL_BORDER           String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_LITERAL_FILL             String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_RESOURCE_BORDER          String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_RESOURCE_FILL            String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_RSS_TRIPLES              String
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_ATOM_ENTRY_URI           String

       If  the  relative_uris  feature  is  true  (default  false)  then  when
       serialising, preference is given  to  generating  relative  URIs  where
       possible.

       If  the  write_base_uri  feature  is true (default true) then the atom,
       rdfxml, rdfxml-abbrev and turtle serializers will  write  an  @base  or
       xml:base directive in the output.

       If  the  start_uri feature is set to a URI it is used by the serializer
       to start serializing from.

       If the bnode_border feature is set, the DOT serializer uses it  as  the
       bnode border colour.

       If  the  bnode_fill  feature  is set, the DOT serializer uses it as the
       bnode fill colour.

       If the json_callback feature is set, the JSON serializers use it as the
       name of the callback to wrap the outer JSON object.

       If  the  json_extra_data feature is set, the JSON serializers use it as
       extra data inside the outer JSON object.

       If the literal_border feature is set, the DOT serializer uses it as the
       literal border colour.

       If  the  literal_fill feature is set, the DOT serializer uses it as the
       literal fill colour.

       If the resource_border feature is set, the DOT serializer  uses  it  as
       the resource border colour.

       If  the resource_fill feature is set, the DOT serializer uses it as the
       resource fill colour.

       If the rss_triples feature is set  to  the  string  "rdf-xml"  for  the
       rss-1.0 serializer or "atom-triples" for the atom serializer, it writes
       extra rdf triples into the serialized output.

       If the atom_entry_uri feature is set to a URI string,  it  is  used  to
       trigger generation of an atom entry document for the atom serializer.

       int     raptor_serializer_get_feature(raptor_serializer*    serializer,
       raptor_feature feature)
              Get   serializer   features,  the  allowed  feature  values  are
              available

       raptor_world*            raptor_serializer_get_world(raptor_serializer*
       rdf_serializer)
              Get the world object for the given rdf_serializer.

SERIALIZER UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       int raptor_serializers_enumerate(const unsigned int counter, const char
       **name, const char **label, const char **mime_type, const unsigned char
       **uri_string)
              Return the serializer name/label for a serializer with  a  given
              integer  counter,  returning  non-zero if no such parser at that
              offset  exists.   The  counter  should  start  from  0  and   be
              incremented by 1 until the function returns non-zero.

       int raptor_serializer_syntax_name_check(const char *name)
              Check name is a known serializer syntax name.

URI CLASS

       Raptor has a raptor_uri class must be used for manipulating and passing
       URI references.  The default internal implementation uses char* strings
       for   URIs,   manipulating   them  and  constructing  them.   This  URI
       implementation  can  be  replaced  by  any  other  that  provides   the
       equivalent functionality, using the raptor_uri_set_handler function.

URI CONSTRUCTORS

       There  a  several  constructors for raptor_uri to build them from char*
       strings and existing raptor_uri objects.

       raptor_uri* raptor_new_uri(const unsigned char* uri_string)
              Create a raptor URI from a string URI-reference uri_string.

       raptor_uri* raptor_new_uri_from_uri_local_name(raptor_uri*  uri,  const
       unsigned char* local_name)
              Create a raptor  URI  from  a  string  URI-reference  local_name
              relative   to   an   existing   URI-reference.    This  performs
              concatenation of the local_name to the uri and not relative  URI
              resolution, which is done by the raptor_new_uri_relative_to_base
              constructor.

       raptor_uri* raptor_new_uri_relative_to_base(raptor_uri* base_uri, const
       unsigned char* uri_string)
              Create a raptor URI from a string URI-reference uri_string using
              relative URI resolution to the base_uri.

       raptor_uri* raptor_new_uri_from_id(raptor_uri* base_uri, const unsigned
       char* id)
              Create  a raptor URI from a string RDF ID id concatenated to the
              base_uri base URI.

       raptor_uri* raptor_new_uri_for_rdf_concept(const char* name)
              Create a raptor URI for the RDF namespace concept name.

       raptor_uri* raptor_new_uri_for_xmlbase(raptor_uri* old_uri))
              Create a raptor URI suitable for use with xml:base  (throw  away
              fragment)

URI DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_uri(raptor_uri* uri)
              Destroy a raptor URI object.

URI METHODS

       int raptor_uri_equals(raptor_uri* uri1, raptor_uri* uri2)
              Return non-zero if the given URIs are equal.

       raptor_uri* raptor_uri_copy(raptor_uri* uri)
              Return a copy of the given raptor URI uri.

       unsigned  char*  raptor_uri_as_counted_string(raptor_uri  *uri, size_t*
       len_p)

       unsigned char* raptor_uri_as_string(raptor_uri* uri)
              Return  a shared pointer to a string representation of the given
              raptor URI uri.  This string is shared and  must  not  be  freed
              (otherwise   see   the   raptor_uri_to_*   methods  below).   If
              raptor_uri_as_counted_string is used, the length of the returned
              string is stored in *len_p if not NULL.

       unsigned  char*  raptor_uri_to_counted_string(raptor_uri  *uri,  size_t
       *len_p)

       unsigned char* raptor_uri_to_string(raptor_uri *uri)
              Return  a  to a newly alloced string representation of the given
              raptor URI uri.  This string must be freed by the  caller  using
              raptor_free_memory.   If  raptor_uri_to_counted_string  is used,
              the length of the returned string is stored  in  *len_p  if  not
              NULL.

       unsigned   char*   raptor_uri_to_relative_counted_uri_string(raptor_uri
       *base_uri, raptor_uri *reference_uri, size_t *length_p)

       unsigned  char* raptor_uri_to_relative_uri_string(raptor_uri *base_uri,
       raptor_uri *reference_uri)
              Return  a new relative URI string of a URI reference_uri against
              a base URI base_uri.  The returned string  must  be  freed  with
              raptor_free_memory.  If raptor_uri_to_relative_counted_string is
              used, the length of the returned string is stored in  *len_p  if
              not NULL.

       void raptor_uri_print(const raptor_uri* uri, FILE *stream)
              Print URI uri to the file handle stream.

       int raptor_iostream_write_uri(raptor_iostream* iostr,  raptor_uri* uri)
              Write the raptor_uri uri to the iostream ostr.

URI UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       void  raptor_uri_resolve_uri_reference  (const unsigned char* base_uri,
       const unsigned  char*  reference_uri,  char  unsigned*  buffer,  size_t
       length)
              This  is  a  standalone  function that resolves the relative URI
              reference_uri against the base URI base_uri according to the URI
              resolution  rules  in  RFC2396.   The resulting URI is stored in
              buffer which is of length bytes.  If this is too small, no  work
              will be done.

       char *raptor_uri_filename_to_uri_string(const unsigned char* filename)
              This  is  a  standalone  function  that  turns  a local filename
              (Windows or Unix style as appropriate for platform) into  a  URI
              string (file).
               The  returned  string must be freed by the caller. Some systems
              require memory allocated in a library to be  deallocated  inside
              that library in which case raptor_free_memory may be used.

       char     *raptor_uri_uri_string_to_filename(const     unsigned    char*
       uri_string)

       char     *raptor_uri_uri_string_to_filename(const     unsigned    char*
       uri_string, unsigned char **fragment_p)
              These  are  standalone  functions  that  turn  a URI string that
              represents a  local  filename  (file:)  into  a  filename,  with
              optional  URI  fragment.  If fragment_p is not NULL it points to
              the location to store a newly allocated  string  containing  the
              fragment.   The  returned  strings  must be freed by the caller.
              Some systems  require  memory  allocated  in  a  library  to  be
              deallocated inside that library in which case raptor_free_memory
              may be used.

       int raptor_uri_is_file_uri(const unsigned char* uri_string)
              DEPRECATED in 1.4.9.  Returns non-zero if the given  URI  string
              represents a filename.  Use raptor_uri_uri_string_is_file_uri in
              preference.

       int raptor_uri_uri_string_is_file_uri(const unsigned char* uri_string)
              Returns non-zero if the given URI string represents a  filename.

URI CLASS IMPLEMENTATION

       void  raptor_uri_set_handler(const  raptor_uri_handler  *handler,  void
       *context)
              Change the URI class implementation to the functions provided by
              the handler URI implementation.  The context user data is passed
              in to the handler URI implementation calls.

       void    raptor_uri_get_handler(raptor_uri_handler    **handler,    void
       **context)
              Return  the  current raptor URI class implementation handler and
              context

WWW CLASS

       This is a small wrapper class around existing WWW libraries in order to
       provide  HTTP  GET  or  better  URI  retrieval  for  Raptor.  It is not
       intended to be a general purpose WWW retrieval interface.

WWW CLASS INITIALISATION AND CLEANUP

       void raptor_www_init(void)

       void raptor_www_finish(void)
              Initialise   or   terminate   the   raptor_www   infrastructure.
              raptor_www_init  and raptor_finish are called by raptor_init and
              raptor_finish respecitively, otherwise must be called once each.

       NOTE   Several  of  the  WWW  library implementations require once-only
              initialisation and termination functions to be  called,  however
              raptor  cannot determine whether this is already done before the
              library is  initialised  in  raptor_www_init  or  terminated  in
              raptor_www_finish,  so  always performs it.  This can be changed
              by raptor_www_no_www_library_init_finish.

       void raptor_www_no_www_library_init_finish(void)
              If this is called before raptor_www_init, it will not  call  the
              underlying WWW library global initialise or terminate functions.
              The application code must perform both operations.

              For example with curl, after this function  is  called,  neither
              curl_global_init  nor  curl_global_cleanup will be called during
              raptor_www_init or raptor_www_finish respectively.

WWW CONSTRUCTORS

       raptor_www *raptor_www_new(void)

       raptor_www *raptor_www_new_with_connection(void* connection)
              Create a  raptor  WWW  object  capable  of  URI  retrieval.   If
              connection  is given, it must match the connection object of the
              underlying WWW implementation.  At present,  this  is  only  for
              libcurl,  and  allows  you to re-use an existing curl handle, or
              use one which has been set up with some desired qualities.

WWW DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_www_free(raptor_www *www)
              Destroy a raptor WWW object.

WWW METHODS

       void raptor_www_set_user_agent(raptor_www *www, const char *user_agent)
              Set the HTTP User-Agent header value.

       int  raptor_www_set_http_cache_control(raptor_www*  www,  const   char*
       cache_control)
              Set the HTTP Cache-Control header value.

       void raptor_www_set_proxy(raptor_www *www, const char *proxy)
              Set  the  HTTP  proxy  -  usually   a   string   of   the   form
              http://server:port

       raptor_www_set_write_bytes_handler(raptor_www                     *www,
       raptor_www_write_bytes_handler handler, void *user_data)
              Set  the  handler  to  receive  bytes  written by the raptor_www
              implementation.

       void        raptor_www_set_content_type_handler(raptor_www        *www,
       raptor_www_content_type_handler handler, void *user_data)
              Set the handler to receive the HTTP Content-Type value,  when/if
              discovered during retrieval by the raptor_www implementation.

       void raptor_www_set_http_accept(raptor_www *www, const char *value)
              Set  the WWW HTTP Accept: header to value.  If value is NULL, an
              empty header is sent.

       void           raptor_www_set_error_handler(raptor_www            *www,
       raptor_message_handler error_handler, void *error_data)
              Set the error handler routine for the  raptor_www  class.   This
              takes  the  same  arguments  as the raptor_parser error, warning
              handler methods.

       void raptor_www_set_uri_filter(raptor_www* www,  raptor_uri_filter_func
       filter, void* user_data)
              Set the URI filter function filter for  URIs  retrieved  by  the
              raptor_www object.

       void* raptor_www_get_connection(raptor_www *www)
              Return  the  underlying  WWW  library  connection  object.   For
              example, for libcurl this is the curl_handle.

       void raptor_www_set_connection_timeout(raptor_www* www, int timeout)
              Set the WWW connection timeout in seconds.

       raptor_uri* raptor_www_get_final_uri(raptor_www* www)
              Get the final URI  from  a  WWW  retrieval,  which  may  include
              redirections.

WWW ACTION METHODS

       int raptor_www_fetch(raptor_www *www, raptor_uri *uri)
              Retrieve the given URL, returning non zero on failure.

       int  raptor_www_fetch_to_string(raptor_www  *www, raptor_uri *uri, void
       **string_p, size_t *length_p, void *(*malloc_handler)(size_t size))
              Retrieve  the  given  URL to a string.  string_p must point to a
              void* pointer that will be used to  store  the  newly  allocated
              string.   length_p  if  not  NULL,  it will be used to store the
              length of the new string.

       void raptor_www_abort(raptor_www *www, const char *reason)
              Abort an ongoing raptor WWW operation. Typically used within one
              of the raptor WWW handlers.

QNAME CLASS

       This  is  a  class for handling XML QNames consisting of the pair of (a
       URI from a namespace, a local name) along with  an  optional  value  --
       useful    for    XML    attributes.     This    is    used   with   the
       raptor_namespace_stack and raptor_namespace classes to handle  a  stack
       of raptor_namespace that build on raptor_qname.

QNAME CONSTRUCTORS

       There  are  two  constructors  for  raptor_qname  to  build qnames with
       optional values on a stack of names.

       raptor_qname*  raptor_new_qname(raptor_namespace_stack  *nstack,  const
       unsigned     char     *name,     const     unsigned     char    *value,
       raptor_simple_message_handler error_handler, void *error_data)
              Create a raptor QName name (a possibly  :-separated  name)  with
              name  to  be  resolved against the given nstack namespace stack.
              An optional value can be given, and if there is  an  error,  the
              error_handler   and  error_data  will  be  used  to  invoke  the
              callback.

       raptor_qname*                raptor_new_qname_from_namespace_local_name
       (raptor_namespace  *ns, const unsigned char *local_name, const unsigned
       char *value)
              Create  a  raptor  QName  using  the  namespace  name   of   the
              raptor_namespace  ns  and  the local name local_name, along with
              optional value value.   Errors  are  reported  using  the  error
              handling and data of the namespace.

       raptor_qname* raptor_qname_copy(raptor_qname *qname)
              Create  a  raptor  QName from an existing one, returning NULL on
              failure.

QNAME DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_qname(raptor_qname* name)
              Destroy a raptor qname object.

QNAME METHODS

       int raptor_qname_equal(raptor_qname* name1, raptor_qname *name2)
              Return non-zero if the given QNames are equal.

       int  raptor_iostream_write_qname(raptor_iostream*  iostr,  raptor_qname
       *qname)
              Write the raptor_qname qname to the iostream ostr.

       const unsigned char* raptor_qname_get_local_name(raptor_qname* name)
              Get the local name of the QName.

       const unsigned char* raptor_qname_get_value(raptor_qname* name)
              Get the value of the QName for an XML attribute QName.

       const unsigned char* raptor_qname_get_counted_value(raptor_qname* name,
       size_t* length_p)
              Get the value fo the QName along with the length (if length_p is
              not NULL) for an XML attribute QName.

       unsigned    char*   raptor_qname_to_counted_name(raptor_qname*   qname,
       size_t* length_p)
              Get  the formatted QName as a newly allocated counted string (if
              length_p is not NULL).

QNAME UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       raptor_uri* raptor_qname_string_to_uri(raptor_namespace_stack  *nstack,
       const       unsigned       char       *name,      size_t      name_len,
       raptor_simple_message_handler error_handler, void *error_data)
              Return the URI corresponding to the QName according to  the  RDF
              method;  concatenating the namespace’s name (URI) with the local
              name.  Takes the same arguments as raptor_new_qname but does not
              create a raptor_qname object.

       raptor_namespace* raptor_qname_get_namespace(raptor_qname* name)
              Return  the  raptor_namespace  used by the QName.  Will never be
              NULL even for the default namespace in which case the URI of the
              returned namespace object will be NULL.

NAMESPACE CLASS

       An  XML  namespace  class  - each entry is on a stack and consists of a
       name (URI) and prefix.  The prefix or the name  but  not  both  may  be
       empty.   If the prefix is empty, it defines the default prefix.  If the
       name is empty, it undefines the given prefix.

NAMESPACE CONSTRUCTORS

       raptor_namespace* raptor_new_namespace(raptor_namespace_stack  *nstack,
       const  unsigned  char  *prefix, const unsigned char *ns_uri_string, int
       depth)

       raptor_namespace*  raptor_new_namespace_from_uri(raptor_namespace_stack
       *nstack, const unsigned char *prefix, raptor_uri* ns_uri, int depth)
              Create a new raptor_namespace  object  on  the  given  namespace
              stack  nstack  with prefix prefix and namespace name either from
              URI string ns_uri_string or from copying URI ns_uri.

       If prefix is NULL, it defines the URI for the default namespace prefix.
       If  the  namespace name (ns_uri_string or ns_uri) is NULL, it undefines
       the given prefix in the current scope.  Both prefix and URI may be NULL
       to undefine the default namespace.  depth signifies the position of the
       namespace on the stack; 0 is the bottom of the stack and generally  the
       first depth for user namespace declarations.

       Namespaces declared on the same depth (such as on the same XML element,
       typically) can be handily  freed  with  raptor_namespaces_end_for_depth
       method on the namespace stack class.

NAMESPACE DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_namespace(raptor_namespace *ns)
              Destroy a raptor namespace object.

NAMESPACE METHODS

       raptor_uri* raptor_namespace_get_uri(const raptor_namespace *ns)
              Return the namespace name (URI) of the namespace.

       const unsigned char* raptor_namespace_get_prefix(const raptor_namespace
       *ns)
              Return the prefix of the namespace.

       const    unsigned    char*    raptor_namespace_get_counted_prefix(const
       raptor_namespace* ns, size_t* length_p)
              Return  the  prefix  of  the namespace as a string with optional
              count stored in the variable address length_p if it is not NULL.

       unsigned  char  *raptor_namespaces_format(const  raptor_namespace  *ns,
       size_t *length_p)
              Format  the namespace as a string and return it as a new string,
              returning the length of the resulting string in length_p  if  it
              is  not NULL.  The string format is suitable for emitting in XML
              to declare the namespace.

       int       raptor_iostream_write_namespace(raptor_iostream*       iostr,
       raptor_namespace *ns)
              Write a formatted namespace  declaration  like  xmlns...  to  an
              iostream iostr.

NAMESPACE UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       int        raptor_namespace_copy(raptor_namespace_stack        *nstack,
       raptor_namespace *ns, int new_depth)
              Copy the namespace from the current stack to the new one, nstack
              at depth new_depth.

       int   raptor_new_namespace_parts_from_string(unsigned   char   *string,
       unsigned char **prefix, unsigned char **uri_string)
              Parse  string  with  an  XML-style  namespace  declaration  like
              xmlns="",  xmlns="uri",  xmlns:prefix=""  or  xmlns:prefix="uri"
              into the strings pointed to by prefix string and  a  uri_string.
              Empty   prefixes   or  namespace  names  return  NULL  pointers.
              Returned  strings  must   be   freed   by   the   caller   using
              raptor_free_memory.

NAMESPACE STACK CLASS

       A  stack of raptor_namespace objects where the namespaces on top of the
       stack  have  wider  scope  and  override  earlier   (lower)   namespace
       declarations.   Intended to match the XML namespace declaring semantics
       using xmlns attributes.

NAMESPACE STACK CONSTRUCTORS

       raptor_namespace_stack*        raptor_new_namespaces(raptor_uri_handler
       *uri_handler,    void    *uri_context,    raptor_simple_message_handler
       error_handler, void *error_data, int defaults)

       int       raptor_namespaces_init(raptor_namespace_stack        *nstack,
       raptor_uri_handler           *handler,          void          *context,
       raptor_simple_message_handler  error_handler,  void  *error_data,   int
       defaults)
              Create or initialise a new  raptor_namespace_stack  object  with
              the   given   URI  and  error  handlers.   raptor_namespaces_new
              allocates   new   memory   for   the   namespace    stack    and
              raptor_namespaces_init  initialises an existing declared nstack,
              which   could    be    statically    allocated.     Note    that
              raptor_uri_get_handler  can  be  useful  to  return  the current
              raptor URI handler/context.   The  defaults  argument  describes
              which  default  namespaces  are declared in the empty stack.  At
              present, 0 is none, 1 for just the XML namespace and 2 is for  a
              typical  set of namespaces used for RDF, RDFS, Dublin Core, OWL,
              ...  that may vary over time.

              In versions 1.4.16 or newer  this  returns  an  integer  result,
              non-0 on failure.

NAMESPACE STACK DESTRUCTORS

       void raptor_free_namespaces(raptor_namespace_stack *nstack)
              Destroy  a namespace stack object, freeing the nstack (goes with
              raptor_new_namespaces).

       void raptor_namespaces_clear(raptor_namespace_stack *nstack)
              Clear a statically allocated namespace stack; does not free  the
              nstack.  (goes with raptor_namespaces_init).

NAMESPACE STACK METHODS

       void  raptor_namespaces_start_namespace(raptor_namespace_stack *nstack,
       raptor_namespace *nspace)
              Start  the  given  nspace  on  the  stack,  at the depth already
              defined.

       int       raptor_namespaces_start_namespace_full(raptor_namespace_stack
       *nstack,  const unsigned char *prefix, const unsigned char *nspace, int
       depth)
              Create a new raptor_namespace and start it on  the  stack.   See
              raptor_new_namespace for the meaning of the argumens.

       void   raptor_namespaces_end_for_depth(raptor_namespace_stack  *nstack,
       int depth)
              End (and free) all namespaces on the stack at the given depth.

       raptor_namespace*               raptor_namespaces_get_default_namespace
       (raptor_namespace_stack *nstack)
              Return  the  current  default  raptor_namespace of the namespace
              stack or NULL if there is none.

       raptor_namespace*
       raptor_namespaces_find_namespace_by_uri(raptor_namespace_stack *nstack,
       raptor_uri *ns_uri)
              Find the first namespace on the stack with the given uri  ns_uri
              or NULL if there is none.

       raptor_namespace
       *raptor_namespaces_find_namespace_by_uri(raptor_namespace_stack
       *nstack, const unsigned char *prefix, int prefix_length)
              Find  the  first namespace on the stack with the given namespace
              prefix or NULL if there is none.

       int         raptor_namespaces_namespace_in_scope(raptor_namespace_stack
       *nstack, const raptor_namespace *nspace)
              Return non-zero if the raptor_namespace nspace  is  declared  on
              the stack; i.e. in scope if this is a stack of XML namespaces.

NAMESPACE STACK UTILITY FUNCTIONS

       raptor_qname*  raptor_namespaces_qname_from_uri(raptor_namespace_stack*
       nstack,  raptor_uri* uri, int xml_version)
              Create  a  raptor QName from the URI uri if the URI is squal one
              of the  namespace  URIs  on  the  namespace  stack  nstack  URIs
              concatenated  to  a  legal  XML  name for the given XML version.
              URIs are created and errors are  reported  using  the  namespace
              stack  fields.  Fails if it cannot be legally described with any
              of the namespaces.

SEQUENCE CLASS

       A class for ordered sequences of items, adding at  either  end  of  the
       sequence.  The method names should be familiar to Perl users.

SEQUENCE CONSTRUCTOR

       raptor_sequence*      raptor_new_sequence(raptor_sequence_free_handler*
       free_handler, raptor_sequence_print_handler* print_handler)
              Create  a  new empty sequence, with optional handler for freeing
              elements (as  used  by  raptor_free_sequence  and  printing  out
              elements (used by raptor_sequence_print).

SEQUENCE DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_sequence(raptor_sequence* seq)
              Destoy  a sequence object, freeing any items if the free handler
              was defined in the constructor.

SEQUENCE METHODS

       int raptor_sequence_size(raptor_sequence* seq)
              Return the number of items in the sequence.

       int raptor_sequence_set_at(raptor_sequence* seq, int idx, void *data)
              Set the sequence item at index idx to the value data,  extending
              it if necessary.

       int raptor_sequence_push(raptor_sequence* seq, void *data)
              Add item data to the end of the sequence.

       int raptor_sequence_shift(raptor_sequence* seq, void *data)
              Add item data to the start of the sequence.

       void* raptor_sequence_get_at(raptor_sequence* seq, int idx)
              Get  the  sequence  item  at  index idx or NULL if no such index
              exists.

       void* raptor_sequence_pop(raptor_sequence* seq)
              Remove and return an item from the end of the sequence, or  NULL
              if is empty.

       void* raptor_sequence_unshift(raptor_sequence* seq)
              Remove  and  return  an  item from the start of the sequence, or
              NULL if is empty.

       void  raptor_sequence_sort(raptor_sequence*  seq,   int(*compare)(const
       void *, const void *))
              Sort the sequence using the given  comparison  function  compare
              which is passed to qsort(3) internally.

       int raptor_compare_strings(const void *a, const void *b)
              Helper function useful with raptor_sequence_sort.

       void       raptor_sequence_set_print_handler(raptor_sequence      *seq,
       raptor_sequence_print_handler *print_handler)
              Set  the  print  handler  for  the  sequence,  an alternative to
              setting it in the constructor.

       void raptor_sequence_print_string(char *data, FILE *fh)
              Helper print handler function useful for printing out  sequences
              of strings.

       void raptor_sequence_print_uri(char *data, FILE *fh)
              Helper  print handler function useful for printing out sequences
              of raptor_uri* objects.

       void raptor_sequence_print(raptor_sequence* seq, FILE* fh)
              Print out the sequence in a  debug  format  to  the  given  file
              handler  fh.  NOTE: The exact format is not guaranteed to remain
              the same between releases.

       int raptor_sequence_join(raptor_sequence* dest, raptor_sequence *src)
              Join two sequences moving all items from sequence src to the end
              of  sequence  dest.   After this operation, sequence src will be
              empty (zero size) but  will  have  the  same  item  capacity  as
              before.

       void* raptor_sequence_delete_at(raptor_sequence* seq, int idx)
              Remove  an item from position idx in the sequence, returning it.

STRINGBUFFER CLASS

       A class for growing strings, small chunks at a time.

STRINGBUFFER CONSTRUCTOR

       raptor_stringbuffer* raptor_new_stringbuffer(void)
              Create a new stringbuffer.

STRINGBUFFER DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_stringbuffer(raptor_stringbuffer* stringbuffer)
              Destroy a stringbuffer.

STRINGBUFFER METHODS

       int      raptor_stringbuffer_append_counted_string(raptor_stringbuffer*
       stringbuffer, const unsigned char *string, size_t length, int do_copy)
              Append a string of length bytes to a  stringbuffer,  copying  it
              only if do_copy is non-0.

       int              raptor_stringbuffer_append_string(raptor_stringbuffer*
       stringbuffer, const unsigned char* string, int do_copy)
              Append a string to a stringbuffer, copying it only if do_copy is
              non-0.

       int             raptor_stringbuffer_append_decimal(raptor_stringbuffer*
       stringbuffer, int integer)
              Append a formatted decimal integer to a stringbuffer.

       int        raptor_stringbuffer_append_stringbuffer(raptor_stringbuffer*
       stringbuffer, raptor_stringbuffer* append)
              Append a stringbuffer append  to  a  stringbuffer.   The  append
              stringbuffer is emptied but not destroyed.

       int     raptor_stringbuffer_prepend_counted_string(raptor_stringbuffer*
       stringbuffer, const unsigned char* string, size_t length, int do_copy)
              Prepend a string of length bytes to the start of a stringbuffer,
              copying it only if do_copy is non-0.

       int             raptor_stringbuffer_prepend_string(raptor_stringbuffer*
       stringbuffer, const unsigned char* string, int do_copy)
              Prepend a string to the start of a stringbuffer, copying it only
              if do_copy is non-0.

       unsigned   char   *  raptor_stringbuffer_as_string(raptor_stringbuffer*
       stringbuffer)
              Return  the  stringbuffer  as  a  single  string.  The string is
              shared and should be copied if needed.

       size_t raptor_stringbuffer_length(raptor_stringbuffer* stringbuffer)
              Return the length of the stringbuffer.

       int             raptor_stringbuffer_copy_to_string(raptor_stringbuffer*
       stringbuffer, unsigned char *string, size_t length)
              Copy the stringbuffer into a single string buffer string of size
              length.  Returns non-0 on failure.

IOSTREAM CLASS

       This  class  provides an I/O stream that can write to filenames, FILE*,
       strings and user-defined output via callbacks.

IOSTREAM CONSTRUCTOR

       raptor_iostream* raptor_new_iostream_from_handler2(void* context, const
       raptor_iostream_handler2 *handler)
              Create a new raptor read or write iostream from  a  user-defined
              raptor_iostream_handler2 handler that is called with the passed-
              in context for the write operations.

       raptor_iostream* raptor_new_iostream_from_handler(void* context,  const
       raptor_iostream_handler *handler)
              DEPRECATED in 1.4.17 -  use  raptor_new_iostream_from_handler2()
              with  the new handler format.  Create a new raptor read iostream
              from a  user-defined  raptor_iostream_handler  handler  that  is
              called with the passed-in context for the write operations.

       raptor_iostream* raptor_new_iostream_to_sink(void)
              Create  a  new  raptor  write iostream that discards all written
              output.

       raptor_iostream* raptor_new_iostream_to_filename(const char *filename)
              Create a new raptor write iostream that creates and writes to  a
              new file filename.

       raptor_iostream* raptor_new_iostream_to_file_handle(FILE *handle)
              Create a new raptor write iostream that creates and writes to an
              existing, already opened, C Standard I/O handle FILE* handle.

       raptor_iostream* raptor_new_iostream_to_string(void **string_p,  size_t
       *length_p, void *(*malloc_handler)(size_t size))
              Create a new raptor write iostream which creates  a  new  string
              once  raptor_free_iostream is called.  The new string pointer is
              written in string, the length in length_p (if not NULL) and  the
              memory  allocation is made using the malloc_handler, or if NULL,
              raptor’s default memory allocator.

       raptor_iostream* raptor_new_iostream_from_sink(void)
              Create a new raptor read iostream that is  immediately  finished
              and returns end of file.

       raptor_iostream*      raptor_new_iostream_from_filename(const      char
       *filename)
              Create  a  new  raptor  read  iostream  from  an  existing  file
              filename.

       raptor_iostream* raptor_new_iostream_from_file_handle(FILE *handle)
              Create a new raptor read iostream  from  an  already  opened,  C
              Standard I/O handle FILE* handler.

       raptor_iostream*  raptor_new_iostream_from_string(void  *string, size_t
       length)
              Create  a  new  raptor  read  iostream  reading from an existing
              string of length bytes.

IOSTREAM DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_iostream(raptor_iostream *iostr)
              Destroy a Raptor iostream object.

IOSTREAM METHODS

       int  raptor_iostream_write_bytes(raptor_iostream  *iostr,  const   void
       *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb)
              Write a counted set of elements to an iostream.  Inmemb  is  the
              count of elements of size size, starting at memory ptr.  Similar
              to fwrite(3) and write(2).

       int raptor_iostream_write_byte(raptor_iostream *iostr, const int byte)
              Write a single byte an iostream.  Similar to fputc(3).

       void raptor_iostream_write_end(raptor_iostream *iostr)
              Finish writing to an iostream.

       int  raptor_iostream_write_string(raptor_iostream  *iostr,  const  void
       *string)
              Write a  NUL-terminated  string  to  an  iostream.   Similar  to
              fputs(3).

       int  raptor_iostream_write_counted_string(raptor_iostream *iostr, const
       void *string, size_t len)
              Write a string of length len to an iostream.

       unsigned long raptor_iostream_tell(raptor_iostream *iostr)
              Return the byte offset into the iostream.

       size_t raptor_iostream_get_bytes_written_count(raptor_iostream *iostr)
              DEPRECATED  in  1.4.17  for  raptor_iostream_tell().  Return the
              number of bytes written so far to the iostream.

       int raptor_iostream_write_decimal(raptor_iostream *iostr, int integer)
              Write a decimal formatted integer integer to the iostream.

       int raptor_iostream_format_hexadecimal(raptor_iostream *iostr, unsigned
       int integer, int width)
              Write a hexadecimal formatted unsigned integer to the  iostream,
              left-padded with ’0’s to width columns.

       int      raptor_iostream_write_stringbuffer(raptor_iostream*     iostr,
       raptor_stringbuffer *sb)
              Write the stringbuffer to an iostream iostr.

       int   raptor_iostream_read_bytes(raptor_iostream*   iostr,  void  *ptr,
       size_t size, size_t nmemb)
              Read  bytes  from  the  iostream  into  buffer  ptr  up to nmemb
              elements of size size.

       int raptor_iostream_read_eof(raptor_iostream *iostr)
              Return non-0 if the iostream is finished.

XML SAX2 READER CLASS

       This class provides the functionality  to  generate  SAX2  events  from
       parsing XML content, including XML namespace support.

XML SAX2 CONSTRUCTOR

       raptor_sax2*  raptor_new_sax2(void  *user_data,  raptor_error_handlers*
       error_handlers)
              Create  a  new  SAX2  XML  reader  with  the given error handler
              object.

XML WRITER DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_sax2(raptor_sax2 *sax2)
              Destroy a SAX2 XML reader object.

SAX2 SET HANDLER METHODS

       void      raptor_sax2_set_start_element_handler(raptor_sax2      *sax2,
       raptor_sax2_start_element_handler handler)
              Set the SAX2 start element handler.

       void       raptor_sax2_set_end_element_handler(raptor_sax2       *sax2,
       raptor_sax2_end_element_handler handler)
              Set the SAX2 end element handler.

       void       raptor_sax2_set_characters_handler(raptor_sax2        *sax2,
       raptor_sax2_characters_handler handler)
              Set the SAX2 character data element handler.

       void          raptor_sax2_set_cdata_handler(raptor_sax2          *sax2,
       raptor_sax2_cdata_handler handler)
              Set the SAX2 CDATA section element handler.

       void         raptor_sax2_set_comment_handler(raptor_sax2         *sax2,
       raptor_sax2_comment_handler handler)
              Set the SAX2 XML comment handler.

       void  raptor_sax2_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handler(raptor_sax2   *sax2,
       raptor_sax2_unparsed_entity_decl_handler handler)
              Set the SAX2 XML unparsed entity declaration handler.

       void   raptor_sax2_set_external_entity_ref_handler(raptor_sax2   *sax2,
       raptor_sax2_external_entity_ref_handler handler)
              Set the SAX2 XML external entity reference handler.

       void        raptor_sax2_set_namespace_handler(raptor_sax2        *sax2,
       raptor_namespace_handler handler)
              Set the SAX2 XML  namespace  declaration  handler  when  an  XML
              namespace is declared.

SAX2 PARSING METHODS

       void raptor_sax2_parse_start(raptor_sax2 *sax2, raptor_uri *base_uri)
              Start a SAX2 parse of XML content with the base URI uri.

       int  raptor_sax2_parse_chunk(raptor_sax2  *sax2,  const  unsigned  char
       *buffer, size_t len, int is_end)
              Parse  the  XML  content  in  buffer  of size len returning SAX2
              events via handlers.  If is_end is non-zero,  it  indicates  the
              end  of  the  parsing.   This  method  can  only be called after
              raptor_sax2_parse_start().

SAX2 SCOPE METHODS

       const   unsigned   char*   raptor_sax2_inscope_xml_language(raptor_sax2
       *sax2)
              Get the current in-scope XML language (xml:lang) value.

       raptor_uri* raptor_sax2_inscope_base_uri(raptor_sax2 *sax2)
              Get the current in-scope  Base  URI  (xml:base  or  document  or
              protocol) value.

XML ELEMENT CLASS

       This class provides an XML element that can be used with the XML Writer
       Class to generate XML documents.

XML ELEMENT CONSTRUCTORS

       raptor_xml_element*  raptor_new_xml_element(raptor_qname*  name,  const
       unsigned char* xml_language, raptor_uri* xml_base)
              Create a new XML element with  the  element  name  name  in  the
              context of xml:lang xml_language and base URI xml_base.

       raptor_xml_element*
       raptor_new_xml_element_from_namespace_local_name(raptor_namespace  *ns,
       const   unsigned   char   *name,  const  unsigned  char*  xml_language,
       raptor_uri* xml_base
              Create  a  new  XML element based on the given XML namespace and
              localname in the context of xml:lang xml_language and  base  URI
              xml_base.

XML ELEMENT DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_xml_element(raptor_xml_element *element)
              Destroy a XML element object.

XML ELEMENT METHODS

       raptor_qname*           raptor_xml_element_get_name(raptor_xml_element*
       xml_element)
              Get the XML element QName of XML element xml_element.

       void raptor_xml_element_set_attributes(raptor_xml_element* xml_element,
       raptor_qname **attributes, int count)
              Set  the  attributes  on XML element xml_element to the array of
              QNames in array attributes of size count.

       raptor_qname**    raptor_xml_element_get_attributes(raptor_xml_element*
       xml_element)
              Get the attributes of an XML element xml_element as an array  of
              QNames.  As set by void raptor_xml_element_set_attributes.

       int         raptor_xml_element_get_attributes_count(raptor_xml_element*
       xml_element)
              Get  the  number  of attributes of an XML element xml_element as
              set by void raptor_xml_element_set_attributes.

       int            raptor_xml_element_declare_namespace(raptor_xml_element*
       xml_element, raptor_namespace* nspace)
              Declare an XML  namespace  nspace  expliclitly  on  XML  element
              xml_element.   Namespaces used in the element or attribute names
              are automatically declared, this method allows  additional  ones
              to be done.

       int raptor_xml_element_is_empty(raptor_xml_element* xml_element)
              Return non-0 if the XML element is empty.

       int      raptor_iostream_write_xml_element(raptor_iostream*      iostr,
       raptor_xml_element  *element,   raptor_namespace_stack*   nstack,   int
       is_empty,   int  is_end,  raptor_simple_message_handler  error_handler,
       void* error_data, int depth)
              Write  a XML element xml_element to iostream ostr.  This is done
              in context of an XML namespace stack nstack and at  depth  depth
              in the stack (see Namespace class constructors).

              The  element  may be an empty element if is_empty is non-zero or
              may be a close element if is_end is non-zero (else  is  a  start
              element).   The error_handler method along with error_data allow
              error reporting to be given.

       const                          unsigned                           char*
       raptor_xml_element_get_language(raptor_xml_element* xml_element)
              Get the xml:lang language of the XML element.

XML WRITER CLASS

       This class provides the functionality to generate simple XML  documents
       consisting  of  elements  with attributes, character data and comments.
       The documents can be written to an iostream.

XML WRITER CONSTRUCTOR

       raptor_xml_writer*        raptor_new_xml_writer(raptor_namespace_stack*
       nstack,    raptor_uri_handler*    uri_handler,    void*    uri_context,
       raptor_iostream*  iostr,  raptor_simple_message_handler  error_handler,
       void *error_data, int canonicalize)
              Create  a  new  XML  Writer  writing  to  iostream  iostr.   The
              error_handler method along with error_data allow error reporting
              to be given.  nstack is either an existing namespace stack to be
              used  or  if NULL, a new one with only the XML namespace defined
              is created.  Note that raptor_uri_get_handler can be  useful  to
              return  the current raptor URI handler/context.  canonicalize is
              currently unused and should be set  to  1  but  may  allow  non-
              canonical XML writing to be allowed in future.

XML WRITER DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_xml_writer(raptor_xml_writer* xml_writer)
              Destroy a XML Writer object.

XML WRITER METHODS

       void   raptor_xml_writer_empty_element(raptor_xml_writer*   xml_writer,
       raptor_xml_element *element)
              Write  XML  element  element  as  an  empty  element (no element
              content) to the XML Writer xml_writer.

       void   raptor_xml_writer_start_element(raptor_xml_writer*   xml_writer,
       raptor_xml_element *element)
              Write a start element along with  an  attributes  and  namespace
              declarations   for   XML  element  element  to  the  XML  Writer
              xml_writer.

       void    raptor_xml_writer_end_element(raptor_xml_writer*    xml_writer,
       raptor_xml_element *element)
              Write an end element form for XML element  element  to  the  XML
              Writer xml_writer.

       void   raptor_xml_writer_cdata(raptor_xml_writer*   xml_writer,   const
       unsigned char *str)
              Write  XML  character  data in str to the XML Writer xml_writer.
              The characters in str will be XML escaped.

       void   raptor_xml_writer_cdata_counted(raptor_xml_writer*   xml_writer,
       const unsigned char* str, unsigned int length)
              Write XML character data in str of  length  length  to  the  XML
              Writer xml_writer.  The characters in str will be XML escaped.

       void    raptor_xml_writer_raw(raptor_xml_writer*    xml_writer,   const
       unsigned char* str)
              Write  character data in str length to the XML Writer xml_writer
              without XML escaping.

       void raptor_xml_writer_raw_counted(raptor_xml_writer* xml_writer, const
       unsigned char* str, unsigned int length)
              Write character data in str of length length to the  XML  Writer
              xml_writer without XML escaping.

       void   raptor_xml_writer_comment(raptor_xml_writer*  xml_writer,  const
       unsigned char* str)
              Write an XML comment in str to the XML Writer xml_writer.

       void  raptor_xml_writer_comment_counted(raptor_xml_writer*  xml_writer,
       const unsigned char* str, unsigned int length)
              Write  an  XML comment in str of length length to the XML Writer
              xml_writer.

       int raptor_xml_writer_features_enumerate(const raptor_feature  feature,
       const char **name, raptor_uri **uri, const char **label)
              Return the name, URI, string label (all  optional)  for  an  XML
              write feature, returning non-zero if no such feature exists.

       Raptor   features   have   URIs  that  are  constructed  from  the  URI
       http://feature.librdf.org/raptor- and the name so for  example  feature
       scanForRDF has URI http://feature.librdf.org/raptor-scanForRDF

       int     raptor_xml_writer_set_feature(raptor_xml_writer*    xml_writer,
       raptor_feature feature, int value)
              Set  an  XML  writer  feature  feature  to  a  particular value.
              Returns non 0 on failure or if  the  feature  is  unknown.   The
              current defined writer features are:
                Feature                                 Values
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_WRITER_AUTO_INDENT       Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_WRITER_AUTO_EMPTY        Boolean (non 0 true)
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_WRITER_INDENT_WIDTH      Integer
                RAPTOR_FEATURE_WRITER_XML_DECLARATION   Boolean (non 0 true)

       If the writer_auto_indent feature is set (default true), the XML writer
       will automatically indent the output.

       If the writer_auto_empty feature is set (default true), the XML  writer
       will  automatically  generate  empty  elements  if  a start/end element
       sequence has no content.

       If the writer_indent_width feature is set (default 2) if the XML writer
       is outputing indented XML, it will use that many spaces.

       If  the  writer_xml_declaration  feature  is set (default true) the XML
       declaration is written at the start of serialized XML.

       int raptor_xml_writer_set_feature_string(raptor_xml_writer *xml_writer,
       raptor_feature feature, const unsigned char *value)
              Set an XML writer feature feature to a particular string  value.
              Returns  non  0  on  failure  or if the feature is unknown.  The
              current   defined   XML   writer   features   are    given    in
              raptor_xml_writer_set_feature  and  at present only take integer
              values. If an integer value feature is set with  this  function,
              value  is interpreted as an integer and then that value is used.

       int    raptor_xml_writer_get_feature(raptor_xml_writer*     xml_writer,
       raptor_feature feature)
              Get XML writer feature  integer  values.   The  allowed  feature
              values        and        types       are       given       under
              raptor_xml_writer_features_enumerate.

       const                           unsigned                           char
       *raptor_xml_writer_get_feature_string(raptor_xml_writer*    xml_writer,
       raptor_feature feature)
              Get XML writer feature string values. The allowed feature values
              and  types are given under raptor_xml_writer_features_enumerate.

       int raptor_xml_writer_get_depth(raptor_xml_writer* xml_writer)
              Get the current XML writer element stack depth.

       void raptor_xml_writer_flush(raptor_xml_writer* xml_writer)
              Flush the XML writer output for any pending writes.

       void raptor_xml_writer_newline(raptor_xml_writer* xml_writer)
              Write a newline to the XML writer (which may  trigger  indenting
              before the next item).

WORLD CLASS

       This  class stores the library state and configuration.  It will be the
       main class for initialsiing and configuring the library in Raptor  2.0.

WORLD CLASS CONSTRUCTOR

       raptor_world* raptor_new_world(void)
              Create a new raptor library object.

WORLD CLASS DESTRUCTOR

       void raptor_free_world(raptor_world* world)
              Destroy a raptor library object and free all resources.

WORLD CLASS METHODS

       int raptor_world_open(raptor_world* world)
              Start using a raptor library - allocate any dependent resources.
              This is optional.

       void raptor_world_set_libxslt_security_preferences(raptor_world *world,
       void *security_preferences)
              See raptor_set_libxslt_security_preferences() description.

       void raptor_world_set_libxml_flags(raptor_world *world,  int flags)
              See raptor_set_libxml_flags() description.

API CHANGES

   1.4.21
       No changes.

   1.4.20
       No changes.

   1.4.19
       Added raptor_world  class  to  prepare  for  V2  API  with  constructor
       raptor_new_world(),    destructor   raptor_free_world()   and   methods
       raptor_world_open(),    raptor_world_set_libxslt_security_preferences()
       and raptor_world_set_libxml_flags().

       The  raptor_identifier,  raptor_error_handlers  structs  both  gained a
       raptor_world* pointer field.

       Added           raptor_set_libxslt_security_preferences()           and
       raptor_set_libxml_flags().

       Added       raptor_libxml_flags       enum      for      flags      for
       raptor_world_set_libxml_flags() and raptor_set_libxml_flags().

       Added RAPTOR_FEATURE_PREFIX_ELEMENTS

   1.4.18
       Added atom serializer

       Added rdfa parser

       Added    serializer     features     RAPTOR_FEATURE_RSS_TRIPLES     and
       RAPTOR_FEATURE_ATOM_ENTRY_URI

       Added raptor_qname_to_counted_name()

       Added raptor_serialize_start_to_iostream()

       Added raptor_sequence_delete_at()

       Added raptor_xml_writer_newline()

       Added raptor_xml_writer_flush()

       Added raptor_xml_writer_get_depth()

   1.4.17
       Added   SAX2   class   raptor_sax2.    Added  new  SAX2  API  typedefs:
       raptor_sax2_start_element_handler,     raptor_sax2_end_element_handler,
       raptor_sax2_characters_handler,              raptor_sax2_cdata_handler,
       raptor_sax2_comment_handler,   raptor_sax2_unparsed_entity_decl_handler
       and   raptor_sax2_external_entity_ref_handler.    Added  new  SAX2  API
       functions:            raptor_new_sax2(),            raptor_free_sax2(),
       raptor_sax2_set_start_element_handler(),
       raptor_sax2_set_end_element_handler(),
       raptor_sax2_set_characters_handler(),  raptor_sax2_set_cdata_handler(),
       raptor_sax2_set_comment_handler(),
       raptor_sax2_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handler(),
       raptor_sax2_set_external_entity_ref_handler(),
       raptor_sax2_set_namespace_handler(),         raptor_sax2_parse_start(),
       raptor_sax2_parse_chunk(),    raptor_sax2_inscope_xml_language()    and
       raptor_sax2_inscope_base_uri()

       Added              features              RAPTOR_FEATURE_WRITE_BASE_URI,
       RAPTOR_FEATURE_WWW_HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL,
       RAPTOR_FEATURE_WWW_HTTP_USER_AGENT,   RAPTOR_FEATURE_JSON_CALLBACK  and
       RAPTOR_FEATURE_JSON_EXTRA_DATA

       Added raptor_handler_closure structure for error handlers.

       Added raptor_statement_compare()

       Added     raptor_iostream_write_string_python()     and      deprecated
       raptor_iostream_write_string_turtle()

       raptor_uri_set_handler(),                     raptor_uri_get_handler(),
       raptor_new_namespaces(),          raptor_namespaces_init()          and
       raptor_new_xml_writer() now take const handler pointers.

       Added raptor_www_set_http_cache_control()

       Added     QName     class    methods:    raptor_qname_get_local_name(),
       raptor_qname_get_value() and raptor_qname_get_counted_value()

       Added        raptor_iostream        read        handler        typedefs
       raptor_iostream_read_bytes_func,    raptor_iostream_read_eof_func   and
       added  new  structure  raptor_iostream_handler2  replacing   deprecated
       raptor_iostream_handler.

       Added    raptor_new_iostream_from_handler2()    replacing    deprecated
       raptor_new_iostream_from_handler()

       Added                                  raptor_new_iostream_from_sink(),
       raptor_new_iostream_from_filename(),
       raptor_new_iostream_from_file_handle()                              and
       raptor_new_iostream_from_string().

       Added                  raptor_iostream_tell                 deprecating
       raptor_iostream_get_bytes_written_count().

       Added raptor_iostream_read_bytes() and raptor_iostream_read_eof().

       Added raptor_xml_element_get_language().

       Added new enum raptor_log_level.

       Added   new   typedef   raptor_error_handlers.    and   new    function
       raptor_error_handlers_init().

   1.4.16
       raptor_namespaces_init() now returns an integer status

       Added raptor_new_xml_element_from_namespace_local_name()

       Added raptor_uri_compare().

       Added      new      features      for      the      ’grddl’     parser:
       RAPTOR_FEATURE_HTML_TAG_SOUP,      RAPTOR_FEATURE_MICROFORMATS      and
       RAPTOR_FEATURE_HTML_LINK.

       Added parser feature RAPTOR_FEATURE_WWW_TIMEOUT

       Added raptor_graph_handler typedef and raptor_set_graph_handler()

       Added          raptor_www_final_uri_handler         typedef         and
       raptor_www_set_final_uri_handler()

       Added raptor_www_set_connection_timeout()

       Added raptor_www_get_final_uri()

   1.4.15
       No changes.

   1.4.14
       Add   two    new    exported    strings    raptor_license_string    and
       raptor_home_url_string.

       Added      new      features      for     the     ’dot’     serializer:
       RAPTOR_FEATURE_RESOURCE_BORDER,          RAPTOR_FEATURE_LITERAL_BORDER,
       RAPTOR_FEATURE_BNODE_BORDER,              RAPTOR_FEATURE_RESOURCE_FILL,
       RAPTOR_FEATURE_LITERAL_FILL and RAPTOR_FEATURE_BNODE_FILL

       Added raptor_parser_generate_id()

       Added raptor_iostream_write_string_turtle()

   1.4.13
       No API changes.

   1.4.12
       No API changes.

   1.4.11
       Added raptor_get_feature_count()

       Added raptor_get_need_base_uri()

       Added parser feature RAPTOR_FEATURE_NO_NET

       Added raptor_www_set_uri_filter(), raptor_parser_set_uri_filter()  with
       filter type raptor_uri_filter_func

   1.4.10
       No API changes.

   1.4.9
       Added raptor_parser_get_accept_header()

       Added raptor_xml_element_is_empty()

       Added raptor_qname_get_namespace()

       Added raptor_iostream_write_uri()

       Added raptor_namespaces_qname_from_uri().

       Added raptor_namespace_get_counted_prefix()

       Added raptor_serialize_set_namespace_from_namespace()

       Deprecated           raptor_uri_is_file_uri()          for          new
       raptor_uri_string_is_file_uri().

       Added              raptor_xml_element_get_attributes()              and
       raptor_xml_element_get_attributes_count()

   1.4.8
       Added raptor_set_namespace_handler().

       Added       XML       1.1       serializing       support,      feature
       RAPTOR_FEATURE_WRITER_XML_VERSION   with   shortname   xmlVersion   for
       serializer  and  xml  writer  classes  to support it.  Added XML writer
       feature RAPTOR_FEATURE_WRITER_XML_DECLARATION to control generation  of
       the       XML       declaration.        Added       new       functions
       raptor_xml_any_escape_string()                                      and
       raptor_iostream_write_xml_any_escaped_string()  to allow generating XML
       1.1 or XML 1.0.

       RAPTOR_IDENTIFIER_TYPE_PREDICATE  will  no  longer  be  generated  from
       version  1.4.9  onwards  as  the type of returned statement predicates.
       RAPTOR_IDENTIFIER_TYPE_RESOURCE will be returned.

       RAPTOR_IDENTIFIER_TYPE_ORDINAL may no longer be generated from  version
       1.4.9 onwards, RAPTOR_IDENTIFIER_TYPE_RESOURCE may replace it.

   1.4.7
       No changes.

   1.4.6
       No changes.

   1.4.5
       Deprecated  raptor_ntriples_string_as_utf8_string()  (never  documented
       above) since it can only work with a raptor_parser object  which  makes
       it rather unusable alone.

       Added     XML     writer     features     and     support     functions
       raptor_xml_writer_features_enumerate(),
       raptor_xml_writer_set_feature(),
       raptor_xml_writer_set_feature_string(), raptor_xml_writer_get_feature()
       and raptor_xml_writer_get_feature_string()

   1.4.3
       Added  XML  Writer  class  (raptor_xml_writer)  and  XML  Element class
       (raptor_xml_element)

       Added                               raptor_parser_get_feature_string(),
       raptor_parser_set_feature_string(),
       raptor_serializer_set_feature_string(),
       raptor_serializer_get_feature_string() and raptor_feature_value_type().

       Added raptor_serializer_set_namespace,  raptor_serializer_set_feature()
       and raptor_serializer_get_feature().

       Added                                  raptor_new_namespace_from_uri(),
       raptor_new_namespace_parts_from_string(),                         Added
       raptor_namespaces_find_namespace_by_uri().                          and
       raptor_iostream_write_namespace() to write a namespace  declaration  to
       an iostream.

       Added        copy       constructor       raptor_qname_copy()       and
       raptor_iostream_write_qname() to write a qname to an iostream.

       Added raptor_sequence_join() to join two sequences, leaving one  empty.

       Added  raptor_iostream_write_stringbuffer()  to write a stringbuffer to
       an iostream.

       Added     N-Triples     raptor_iostream_write_string_ntriples()     and
       raptor_iostream_write_statement_ntriples()    utility   functions   for
       writing to raptor_iostreams.

       Added                      raptor_uri_to_relative_counted_uri_string(),
       raptor_uri_to_relative_uri_string().                raptor_uri_print(),
       raptor_uri_to_counted_string() and raptor_uri_to_string()

       Added unicode name checking utility functions for XML 1.0 and  XML  1.1
       name    starting    character    and    continued    name    character.
       raptor_unicode_is_xml10_namestartchar raptor_unicode_is_xml10_namechar,
       raptor_unicode_is_xml11_namechar                                    and
       raptor_unicode_is_xml11_namestartchar.

       Added raptor_xml_name_check to check if a name is a legal  XML  1.0  or
       1.0  name.   and  raptor_iostream_write_xml_escaped_string  to write an
       XML-escaped string to an iostream.

       Added UTF8-checking utility function raptor_utf8_check.

   1.4.2
       No changes.

   1.4.1
       The raptor_xml_escape_string now returns <0 on failure rather  than  0,
       so that if an empty string is escaped, 0 bytes required is returned.

   1.4.0
       Added  new raptor_serializer class supporting RDF/XML (name rdfxml) and
       N-Triples (name ntriples).
       Added new raptor_iostream class
       Added raptor_stringbuffer_copy_to_string to allow efficient copy-out of
       a constructed string.
       Added  raptor_www_fetch_to_string to allow retrieving of web content as
       a single string.

   1.3.3
       Added raptor_calloc_memory to provide a calloc inside raptor.
       Added feature check_rdf_id (see raptor_set_feature documentation).

   1.3.2
       Added raptor_alloc_memory to allocate memory inside raptor.

       Added accessor functions for the public raptor_locator structure:

       raptor_locator_line
       raptor_locator_column
       raptor_locator_byte
       raptor_locator_file
       raptor_locator_uri

   1.3.1
       Correct raptor_print_statement declaration argument statement  to  have
       one less ’const’, to match the code.

   1.3.0
       Added   the  following  parser  methods,  utility  methods  and  helper
       functions:

       raptor_new_parser_for_content (Parser class constructor)
       raptor_get_mime_type
       raptor_get_feature
       raptor_syntax_name_check
       raptor_guess_parser_name
       raptor_features_enumerate
       raptor_feature_from_uri
       raptor_www_set_http_accept (WWW class)

       Changed raptor_set_feature to now return an int success or failure.

       Added the following functions:
       raptor_free_memory
       raptor_unicode_char_to_utf8
       raptor_utf8_to_unicode_char
       raptor_vsnprintf

       Added the raptor_sequence class, its constructor,  destructor,  methods
       and helper functions.

       Added  the  raptor_stringbuffer  class  and constructor, destructor and
       methods.

       Deprecated  raptor_print_statement_detailed  always  intended   to   be
       internal.

   1.2.0
       Added  raptor_syntaxes_enumerate to get full information on syntax mime
       type and URIs as well as name and label.

       N-Triples Plus parser renamed to Turtle (name turtle)

   1.1.0
       Added N-Triples Plus parser (name ntriples-plus)

       Made URI class constructors, methods and factory  methods  as  well  as
       some  other  utility functions using or returning URIs or literals take
       unsigned char* rather than char*.  The affected calls are:

       URI factory methods changed to all take/return unsigned char*  for  URI
       strings:
       raptor_new_uri_func
       raptor_new_uri_from_local_name_func
       raptor_new_uri_relative_to_base_func
       raptor_uri_as_string_func
       raptor_uri_as_counted_string_func

       Constructors  and methods changed to take/return unsigned char* for URI
       strings:
       raptor_statement_part_as_counted_string
       raptor_statement_part_as_string
       raptor_new_uri
       raptor_new_uri_from_uri_local_name
       raptor_new_uri_relative_to_base
       raptor_uri_as_string
       raptor_uri_as_counted_string
       raptor_print_ntriples_string

       Changed to use unsigned char* for URI strings, char* for filenames:
       raptor_uri_resolve_uri_reference
       raptor_uri_filename_to_uri_string
       raptor_uri_uri_string_to_filename
       raptor_uri_uri_string_to_filename_fragment
       raptor_uri_is_file_uri

       Changed to return unsigned char* for UTF8 string:
       raptor_ntriples_string_as_utf8_string

       Added raptor_parsers_enumerate to discover supported parsers.

       Added raptor_uri_uri_string_to_filename_fragment with fragment  arg  to
       return the URI fragment.

       Made  the  raptor_namespace,  raptor_namespace_stack  and  raptor_qname
       class and APIs public.

       Added feature non_nfc_fatal (see raptor_set_feature documentation).

   1.0.0
       Removed the following  deprecated  methods  and  functions  (see  0.9.6
       changes for the new names):
       raptor_free,   raptor_new,  raptor_ntriples_free,  raptor_ntriples_new,
       raptor_ntriples_parse_file,          raptor_ntriples_set_error_handler,
       raptor_ntriples_set_fatal_error_handler,
       raptor_ntriples_set_statement_handler and raptor_parser_abort.

       Added  raptor_parse_file_stream  for  reading  FILE*  streams   without
       necessarily having a file.

   0.9.12
       Added  raptor_new_uri_for_retrieval  to  turn  URI references into URIs
       suitable for retrieval (no fragments).

   0.9.11
       Added raptor_get_name and raptor_get_label.

       raptor_xml_escape_string now takes error message handler, data pointer,
       loses parser argument.

       Added           raptor_set_default_generate_id_parameters           and
       raptor_set_generate_id_handler to control  the  default  generation  of
       IDs, allow full customisation.

   0.9.10
       Added                    raptor_set_parser_strict                   and
       raptor_www_no_www_library_init_finish.

       raptor_xml_escape_string now takes an output string length pointer.

       Added                          raptor_statement_part_as_counted_string,
       raptor_statement_part_as_string and raptor_parse_abort.

       Deprecated raptor_parser_abort.

   0.9.9
       Added  raptor_www  class and all its constructors, destructor, methods,
       calls.

       Added              raptor_parse_uri,               raptor_parser_abort,
       raptor_ntriples_term_as_string and raptor_xml_escape_string.

   0.9.7
       raptor_parse_chunk,  raptor_new_uri_from_id, arguments are now unsigned
       char.

       Added raptor_new_uri_for_xmlbase.

   0.9.6
       In this version, the raptor/ntriples parser calling APIs were modified.
       The following table lists the changes:

       OLD API                                  NEW API (0.9.6+)
       raptor_new()                             raptor_new_parser("rdfxml")
       ntriples_new()                           raptor_new_parser("ntriples")
       raptor_free                              raptor_free_parser
       ntriples_free                            raptor_ntriples_parser
       raptor_ntriples_parse_file               raptor_parse_file
       raptor_ntriples_set_error_handler        raptor_set_error_handler
       raptor_ntriples_set_fatal_error_handler  raptor_set_fatal_error_handler
       raptor_ntriples_set_statement_handler    raptor_set_statement_handler

CONFORMING TO

       RDF/XML Syntax  (Revised),  Dave  Beckett  (ed.)   W3C  Recommendation,
       http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/

       N-Triples,  in  RDF  Test Cases, Jan Grant and Dave Beckett (eds.)  W3C
       Recommendation, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntriples

       Turtle    -    Terse    RDF    Triple    Language,    Dave     Beckett,
       http://www.dajobe.org/2004/01/turtle/

       RSS     0.91     spec     revision     3,    Dan    Libby,    Netscape,
       http://my.netscape.com/publish/formats/rss-spec-0..html

       RDF Site Summary (RSS) 1.0, http://purl.org/rss/1.0/spec

       Atom       1.0       syndication        format,        RFC        4287,
       http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4287.txt

       Gleaning  Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages (GRDDL), Dan
       Connolly       (ed.),       W3C       Recommendation,       2007-09-11,
       http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-grddl-20070911/

       RDFa  in  XHTML:  Syntax and Processing, Ben Adida, Mark Birbeck, Shane
       McCarron, Steven Pemberton (eds.)
        W3C  Recommendation,  2008-10-14,  http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdfa-
       syntax-20081014/

SEE ALSO

       rapper(1),raptor-config(1)

AUTHOR

       Dave Beckett - http://www.dajobe.org/

                                  2010-01-29                      libraptor(3)