NAME
ssh-agent - authentication agent
SYNOPSIS
ssh-agent [-c | -s] [-d] [-a bind_address] [-t life] [command [arg ...]]
ssh-agent [-c | -s] -k
DESCRIPTION
ssh-agent is a program to hold private keys used for public key
authentication (RSA, DSA). The idea is that ssh-agent is started in the
beginning of an X-session or a login session, and all other windows or
programs are started as clients to the ssh-agent program. Through use of
environment variables the agent can be located and automatically used for
authentication when logging in to other machines using ssh(1).
The options are as follows:
-a bind_address
Bind the agent to the UNIX-domain socket bind_address. The
default is /tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXX/agent.<ppid>.
-c Generate C-shell commands on stdout. This is the default if
SHELL looks like it’s a csh style of shell.
-d Debug mode. When this option is specified ssh-agent will not
fork.
-k Kill the current agent (given by the SSH_AGENT_PID environment
variable).
-s Generate Bourne shell commands on stdout. This is the default if
SHELL does not look like it’s a csh style of shell.
-t life
Set a default value for the maximum lifetime of identities added
to the agent. The lifetime may be specified in seconds or in a
time format specified in sshd_config(5). A lifetime specified
for an identity with ssh-add(1) overrides this value. Without
this option the default maximum lifetime is forever.
If a commandline is given, this is executed as a subprocess of the agent.
When the command dies, so does the agent.
The agent initially does not have any private keys. Keys are added using
ssh-add(1). When executed without arguments, ssh-add(1) adds the files
~/.ssh/id_rsa, ~/.ssh/id_dsa and ~/.ssh/identity. If the identity has a
passphrase, ssh-add(1) asks for the passphrase on the terminal if it has
one or from a small X11 program if running under X11. If neither of
these is the case then the authentication will fail. It then sends the
identity to the agent. Several identities can be stored in the agent;
the agent can automatically use any of these identities. ssh-add -l
displays the identities currently held by the agent.
The idea is that the agent is run in the user’s local PC, laptop, or
terminal. Authentication data need not be stored on any other machine,
and authentication passphrases never go over the network. However, the
connection to the agent is forwarded over SSH remote logins, and the user
can thus use the privileges given by the identities anywhere in the
network in a secure way.
There are two main ways to get an agent set up: The first is that the
agent starts a new subcommand into which some environment variables are
exported, eg ssh-agent xterm &. The second is that the agent prints the
needed shell commands (either sh(1) or csh(1) syntax can be generated)
which can be evaluated in the calling shell, eg eval ‘ssh-agent -s‘ for
Bourne-type shells such as sh(1) or ksh(1) and eval ‘ssh-agent -c‘ for
csh(1) and derivatives.
Later ssh(1) looks at these variables and uses them to establish a
connection to the agent.
The agent will never send a private key over its request channel.
Instead, operations that require a private key will be performed by the
agent, and the result will be returned to the requester. This way,
private keys are not exposed to clients using the agent.
A UNIX-domain socket is created and the name of this socket is stored in
the SSH_AUTH_SOCK environment variable. The socket is made accessible
only to the current user. This method is easily abused by root or
another instance of the same user.
The SSH_AGENT_PID environment variable holds the agent’s process ID.
The agent exits automatically when the command given on the command line
terminates.
FILES
~/.ssh/identity
Contains the protocol version 1 RSA authentication identity of
the user.
~/.ssh/id_dsa
Contains the protocol version 2 DSA authentication identity of
the user.
~/.ssh/id_rsa
Contains the protocol version 2 RSA authentication identity of
the user.
/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXX/agent.<ppid>
UNIX-domain sockets used to contain the connection to the
authentication agent. These sockets should only be readable by
the owner. The sockets should get automatically removed when the
agent exits.
SEE ALSO
ssh(1), ssh-add(1), ssh-keygen(1), sshd(8)
AUTHORS
OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by
Tatu Ylonen. Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, Theo
de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
created OpenSSH. Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH protocol
versions 1.5 and 2.0.