NAME
sipcalc - IP subnet calculator
SYNOPSIS
sipcalc [ -abcdehiInrsStuvx46 ] <[ADDRESS] [INTERFACE] ... | [ - ]>
DESCRIPTION
Sipcalc is an ip subnet calculator consisting of two parts. A plain
text based console version, and web (cgi) based counterpart. This
manpage only addresses the console based version. Sipcalc, in it’s
simplest form takes an ip-address and a subnet mask on the commandline
and outputs information about the subnet. Sipcalc has support for both
IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
Sipcalc can take input in three forms, an ip-address/netmask, an
interface or via stdin using the special character -.
Address-IPv4
Address must be given in the "standard" dotted quad format, ie.:
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx and prepended with a netmask the can be given in
three different ways:
- CIDR, ex. /n where n >= 0 <= 32.
- Dotted quad, ex. xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx.
- A hex value, ex 0xnnnnnnnn or nnnnnnnn.
Address-IPv6
Addresses may be given in any of the forms defined in RFC2373,
the netmask (prefix) must be given in CIDR notion. Valid values
for the netmask range from n >= 0 <= 128, default value if
netmask is omitted is 128.
Interface
Instead of taking address information from the commandline
sipcalc can obtain relevant information by looking at a
specified interface on the system. Sipcalc then uses this
information to calculate output values. This option is currently
only available for IPv4 addresses, work is being done to support
IPv6 here also.
- Further arguments will be read from stdin, this can be useful
for example for cat(1) ing a list of addresses stored in a file
to sipcalc. Each line sent to sipcalc should contain one
address/netmask or interface.
Any number/combination of Address and Interface arguments can exist on
the commandline, however, the special character - must be the first
argument or it will be parsed as an interface. All options following
the - character will be discarded.
Features (IPv4) -
* Multiple address and netmask input formats.
* Retrieving of address information from interfaces.
* Classfull and CIDR output.
* Multiple address and netmask output formats (dotted quad, hex,
number of bits).
* Output of broadcast address, network class, Cisco wildcard,
hosts/range, network range.
* Output of multiple types of bitmaps.
* Output of a user-defined number of extra networks.
* Multiple networks input from commandline.
* DNS resolutions of hostnames.
* Parsing of a newline separated list of networks from standard
input (STDIN).
* The ability to "split" a network based on a smaller netmask,
also with recursive runs on the generated subnets.
Features (IPv6) -
* Compressed and expanded input addresses.
* Compressed and expanded output.
* Standard IPv6 network output.
* v4 in v6 output.
* Reverse dns address generation.
* DNS resolutions of hostnames.
* The ability to "split" a network based on a smaller netmask,
also with recursive runs on the generated subnets.
Output.
Sipcalc output is divided into sections and subsections. Each section
starts with the string "-[type : INPUT] - n" where type can be one of
int-ipv4, ipv6, ipv4. INPUT is one input option from the commandline
and n is the number of the section that this input option has produced
currently displayed. Currently the only input option that produces
multiple output sections is an interface with multiple addresses. A
subsection starts with the string "[IDENTIFIER]", where IDENTIFIER is
an identifier for the subsection type. The subsection types are based
on the used commandline options. Sections always en with the single
character ’-’ alone on a line. Worth mentioning is also that sections
can include not only subsections, but also other sections, this
currently only happen when the -u and -s/-S options are used.
Warnings/errors etc. can also be displayed in the form -[type :
message].
Description of common output:
[IPv4]
Host address
The given host address.
Network address
The first address in a given range, unusable for hosts under
normal conditions.
Network mask
The network mask (netmask) used to specify the size of a given
subnet, usually represented in three different formats: dotted
quad (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) hex (0xnnnnnnnn) bits (/n where n >= 0 <=
32)
Broadcast address
The broadcast address of a given subnet, usually the last
address in a range.
Cisco wildcard
The inverted value of the netmask (netmask ^ 0xffffffff). This
value is commonly used in for example access-lists on routers.
Addresses in network
The number of addresses in the given subnet.
Network range
The full subnet range.
Usable range
The range in the given subnet that is commonly used for normal
hosts.
[IPv6]
Expanded Address
The full expanded IPv6 address.
Compressed address
The IPv6 address compressed in the most efficient way possible.
Subnet prefix
The prefix of the address (in relation to the netmask), the
suffix of the address is zeroed out.
Address ID
The suffix of the address (in relation to the netmask), the
prefix of the address is zeroed out.
Prefix address
The IPv6 equivalent of the IPv4 netmask.
Prefix length
Number of bits set in the netmask.
Address type
The address type as defined in RFC2373.
Comment
Some addresses will have comments from the author.
Network range
The start and end addresses of the subnet.
Expanded v4inv6 address
The full expanded IPv6 address in v4inv6 format.
Compr. v4inv6 address
The compressed IPv6 address in v4inv6 format.
Reverse DNS
The address in IPv6 reverse DNS form.
OPTIONS
-a, --all
Give all possible information about an address or interface,
this is equivalent to giving the flags -b -c -i -n 0 for IPv4
and -e -r -t for IPv6.
-b, --cidr-bitmap (IPv4)
Display CIDR based bitmaps.
-c, --classfull-addr (IPv4)
Display classfull address information.
-d, --resolve
Enable name resolution.
-e, --v4inv6 (IPv6)
Display v4inv6 address information.
-h, --help
Display the commandline help.
-i, --cidr-addr (default IPv4)
Display CIDR address information.
-I, --addr-int=INT
Explicitly add an interface. This can be used to circumvent the
sipcalc "smart parsing" of addresses/interfaces on the
commandline. This can be useful if you for example for some
reason have an interface with the same name as an actual
address, eg. 127.0.0.1 or ::1 etc. See also: -4 -6.
-n, --subnets=NUM
Display NUM extra subnets (starting from the current subnet).
Will display all subnets in the current /24 if NUM is 0.
-r, --v6rev (IPv6)
Display IPv6 reverse DNS information.
-s, --v4split=MASK (IPv4)
Split the current network into subnets of MASK size. MASK can be
given in dotted quad, hex or CIDR form.
-S, --v6split=MASK (IPv6)
Split the current network into subnets of MASK size. MASK must
be given in CIDR form, either with or with the ’/’ character.
-t, --v6-standard (default IPv6)
Display IPv6 address information.
-u, --split-verbose
This will put network splitting into verbose mode. This means
that all the subnets generated when splitting a network will be
passed back to sipcalc for explicit parsing giving the same
output as if the address had been given on the commandline. All
options passed to sipcalc on the commandline will also be
inherited when the subnet is passed back to sipcalc for parsing,
with one exception, the -s/-S flag, we don’t want an endless
loop. Sending only the -s/-S and -u flags to sipcalc will give
the default output (-i for ipv4 and -t for ipv6).
-v, --version
Display version information.
-w, --wildcard
Takes a cisco wildcard (inverse mask) and display the
corresponding regular netmask and netmask bit count.
-x, --classful-bitmap (IPv6)
Display a classfull bitmap.
-4, --addr-ipv4=ADDR
Explicitly add an IPv4 address. See also: -I -6.
-6, --addr-ipv6=ADDR
Explicitly add an IPv6 address. See also: -I -4.
BUGS
Probably lots. Known missing features include getting IPv6 addresses
from interfaces and implementing the -n option for IPv6 addresses.
Please send any bugs, feature requests, patches, comments etc. to
simon@routemeister.net.
URL
Sipcalc can be downloaded from http://www.routemeister.net/
AUTHOR
Simon Ekstrand <simon@routemeister.net>.
19 January 2002