NAME
rvu - generate RADIANCE images interactively
SYNOPSIS
rvu [ rpict options ][ -n nproc ][ -o dev ][ -b ][ -pe exposure ] [
$EVAR ] [ @file ] octree
rvu [ options ] -defaults
rvu -devices
DESCRIPTION
Rvu generates RADIANCE images using octree. (The octree may be given
as the output of a command enclosed in quotes and preceded by a ‘!’.)
Options specify the viewing parameters as well as giving some control
over the calculation. Options may be given on the command line and/or
read from the environment and/or read from a file. A command argument
beginning with a dollar sign (’$’) is immediately replaced by the
contents of the given environment variable. A command argument
beginning with an at sign (’@’) is immediately replaced by the contents
of the given file. The options are the same as for rpict(1), with a
few notable exceptions. The -r, -z, -S, -P, -PP and -t options are not
supported, and -o specifies which output device is being used instead
of the output file. The -x, -y and -pa options are unnecessary, since
rvu scales the display image to the specified output device.
Additionally, the -b option improves the display on greyscale monitors,
and -pe may be used to set an initial exposure value.
The -n option may be used to specify multiple processes, to accelerate
rendering.
In the second form, the default values for the options are printed with
a brief explanation. In the third form, the list of supported output
devices is displayed.
rvu starts rendering the image from the selected viewpoint and
gradually improves the resolution of the display until interrupted by
keyboard input. rvu then issues a prompt (usually ’:’) and accepts a
command line from the user. rvu may also stop its calculation and wait
for command input if the resolution of the display has reached the
resolution of the graphics device. At this point, it will give the
’done:’ prompt and await further instructions. If rvu runs out of
memory due to lack of resources to store its computed image, it will
give the ’out of memory:’ prompt. At this prompt, the user can save
the image, quit, or even restart a new image, although this is not
generally recommended on virtual memory machines for efficiency
reasons.
rvu is not meant to be a rendering program, and we strongly recommend
that rpict(1) be used instead for that purpose. Since rpict(1) does
not store its image in memory or update any display of its output, it
is much faster and less wasteful of its resources than rvu. rvu is
intended as a quick interactive program for deciding viewpoints and
debugging scene descriptions and is not suited for producing polished
images.
COMMANDS
Once the program starts, a number of commands can be used to control
it. A command is given by its name, which can be abbreviated, followed
by its arguments.
aim [ mag [ x y z ] ]
Zoom in by mag on point x y z . The view point is held
constant; only the view direction and size are changed. If x
y z is missing, the cursor is used to select the view center.
A negative magnification factor means zoom out. The default
factor is one.
^C Interrupt. Go to the command line.
exposure [ spec ]
Adjust exposure. The number spec is a multiplier used to
compensate the average exposure. A value of 1 renormalizes
the image to the computed average, which is usually done
immediately after startup. If spec begins with a ’+’ or ’-’,
the compensation is interpreted in f-stops (ie. the power of
two). If spec begins with an ’=’, an absolute setting is
performed. An ’=’ by itself permits interactive display and
setting of the exposure. If spec begins with an ’@’, the
exposure is adjusted to present similar visibility to what
would be experienced in the real environment. If spec is
absent, or an ’@’ is followed by nothing, then the cursor is
used to pick a specific image location for normalization.
focus [distance]
Set focus distance for depth-of-field sampling. If a
distance in world coordinates is absent, then the cursor is
used to choose a point in the scene on which to focus. (The
focus distance setting does not affect rendering in rview,
but can be used in rpict with the -pd option to simulate
depth-of-field on views saved from rview.)
frame [ xmin ymin xmax ymax ]
Set frame for refinement. If coordinates are absent, the
cursor is used to pick frame boundaries. If ‘‘all’’ is
specified, the frame is reset to the entire image.
free Free cached object structures and associated data. This
command may be useful when memory is low and a completely
different view is being generated from the one previous.
last [ file ]
Restore the previous view. If a view or picture file is
specified, the parameters are taken from the last view entry
in the file.
L [ vw [ rfile ] ]
Load parameters for view vw from the rad(1) input file,
rfile. Both vw and rfile must be given the first call, but
subsequent calls will use the last rfile as a default, and
"1" as the default view (ie. the first view appearing in
rfile). If rvu was started by rad, then the rfile parameter
will initially default to the rad input file used.
move [ mag [ x y z ] ]
Move camera mag times closer to point x y z . For a
perspective projection (or fisheye view), only the view point
is changed; the view direction and size remain constant. The
view size must be modified in a parallel projection since it
determines magnification. If x y z is missing, the cursor is
used to select the view center. A negative magnification
factor decreases the object size. The default factor is one.
Care must be taken to avoid moving behind or inside other
objects.
new [ nproc ]
Restart the image, using the specified number of rendering
processes. Usually used after the "set" command.
pivot angle [ elev [ mag [ x y z ] ] ]
Similar to the "move" command, but pivots the view about a
selected point. The angle is measured in degrees around the
view up vector using the right hand rule. The optional elev
is the elevation in degrees from the pivot point; positive
raises the view point to look downward and negative lowers
the view point to look upward.
quit Quit the program.
^R Redraw the image. Use when the display gets corrupted. On
some displays, occassionally forcing a redraw can improve
appearance, as more color information is available and the
driver can make a better color table selection.
rotate angle [ elev [ mag ] ]
Rotate the camera horizontally by angle degrees. If an
elevation is specified, the camera looks upward elev degrees.
(Negative means look downward.)
set [ var [ val ] ]
Check/change program variable. If var is absent, the list of
available variables is displayed. If val is absent, the
current value of the variable is displayed and changed
interactively. Otherwise, the variable var assumes the value
val. Variables include: ambient value (av), ambient value
weight (aw), ambient bounces (ab), ambient accuracy (aa),
ambient divisions (ad), ambient radius (ar), ambient samples
(as), black&white (b), back face visibility (bv), direct
jitter (dj), direct sampling (ds), direct threshold (dt),
direct visibility (dv), irradiance (i), limit weight (lw),
limit recursion (lr), medium extinction (me), medium albedo
(ma), medium eccentricity (mg), medium sampling (ms), pixel
sample (ps), pixel threshold (pt), specular jitter (sj),
specular threshold (st), and uncorrelated sampling (u). Once
a variable has been changed, the "new" command can be used to
recompute the image with the new parameters. If a program
variable is not available here, it may show up under some
other command or it may be impossible to change once the
program is running.
trace [ xbeg ybeg zbeg xdir ydir zdir ]
Trace a ray. If the ray origin and direction are absent, the
cursor is used to pick a location in the image to trace. The
object intersected and its material, location and value are
displayed.
view [ file [ comments ] ]
Check/change view parameters. If file is present, the view
parameters are appended to a file, followed by comments if
any. Alternatively, view options may be given directly on
the command line instead of an output view file. Otherwise,
view parameters are displayed and changed interactively.
V [ vw [ rfile ] ]
Append the current view as view vw in the rad file rfile.
Compliment to L command. Note that the view is simply
appended to the file, and previous views with the same name
should be removed before using the file with rad.
write [ file ]
Write picture to file. If argument is missing, the current
file name is used.
^Z Stop the program. The screen will be redrawn when the
program resumes.
ENVIRONMENT
RAYPATH the directories to check for auxiliary files.
DISPLAY_GAMMA the value to use for monitor gamma correction.
AUTHOR
Greg Ward
SEE ALSO
getinfo(1), lookamb(1), oconv(1), pfilt(1), rad(1), rpict(1), rtrace(1)