NAME
pnmnorm - normalize the contrast in a Netbpm image
SYNOPSIS
pnmnorm [-bpercent N | -bvalue N] [-wpercent N | -wvalue N] [-keephues]
[-brightmax]
[ppmfile]
All options can be abbreviated to their shortest unique prefix. You
may use two hyphens instead of one to designate an option. You may use
either white space or an equals sign between an option name and its
value.
DESCRIPTION
Reads a PNM image (PBM, PGM, or PPM). Normalizes the contrast by
forcing the lightest pixels to white, the darkest pixels to black, and
linearly rescaling the ones in between; and produces the same kind of
file as output. This is pretty useless for a PBM image.
The program first determines a mapping of old brightness to new
brightness. For each possible brightness of a pixel, the program
determines a corresponding brightness for the output image.
Then for each pixel in the image, the program computes a color which
has the desired output brightness and puts that in the output. With a
color image, it is not always possible to compute such a color and
retain any semblance of the original hue, so the brightest and dimmest
pixels may only approximate the desired brightness.
Note that for a PPM image, this is different from separately
normalizing the individual color components.
OPTIONS
By default, the darkest 2 percent of all pixels are mapped to black,
and the lightest 1 percent are mapped to white. You can override these
percentages by using the -bpercent and -wpercent flags, or you can
specify the exact pixel values to be mapped by using the -bvalue and
-wvalue flags. Appropriate numbers for the flags can be gotten from
the ppmhist tool. If you just want to enhance the contrast, then
choose values at elbows in the histogram; e.g. if value 29 represents
3% of the image but value 30 represents 20%, choose 30 for bvalue. If
you want to lighten the image, then set bvalue to 0 and just fiddle
with wvalue; similarly, to darken the image, set wvalue to maxval and
play with bvalue.
The -keephues option says to keep each pixel the same hue as it is in
the input; just adjust its intensity. By default, pnmnorm normalizes
contrast in each component independently (except that the meaning of
the -wpercent and -bpercent options are based on the overall
intensities of the colors, not each component taken separately). So if
you have a color which is intensely red but dimly green, pnmnorm would
make the red more intense and the green less intense, so you end up
with a different hue than you started with.
If you specify -keephues, pnmnorm would likely leave this pixel alone,
since its overall intensity is medium.
-keephues can cause clipping, because a certain color may be below a
target intensity while one of its components is saturated. Where
that’s the case, pnmnorm uses the maximum representable intensity for
the saturated component and the pixel ends up with less overall
intensity, and a different hue, than it is supposed to have.
This option is meaningless on grayscale images.
Before March 2002, there was no -keephues option.
The -brightmax option says to use the intensity of the most intense RGB
component of a pixel as the pixel’s brightness. By default, pnmnorm
uses the luminosity of the color as its brightness.
This option is meaningless on grayscale images.
Before March 2002, there was no -brightmax option.
SEE ALSO
ppmhist(1), pgmhist(1), pnmgamma(1), ppmbrighten(1), ppmdim(1), pnm(5)
7 October 1993 pnmnorm(1)