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NAME

       dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript

SYNOPSIS

       dvips [ options ] file[.dvi]

DESCRIPTION

       THIS MAN PAGE IS OBSOLETE!  See the Texinfo documentation instead.  You
       can read it either in Emacs or with the standalone info  program  which
       comes      with      the      GNU      texinfo      distribution     as
       prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/texinfo*.tar.gz.

       The program dvips takes a DVI file file[.dvi] produced by  TeX  (or  by
       some  other  processor  such as GFtoDVI) and converts it to PostScript,
       normally sending the result directly to the  (laser)printer.   The  DVI
       file  may  be  specified  without  the  .dvi extension.  Fonts used may
       either be resident in the printer or defined as bitmaps in PK files, or
       a  `virtual' combination of both.  If the mktexpk program is installed,
       dvips will automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts  that  don't
       already exist.

       For  more  information, see the Texinfo manual dvips.texi, which should
       be installed somewhere on your system, hopefully accessible through the
       standard Info tree.

OPTIONS

       -a     Conserve  memory  by  making  three  passes  over  the .dvi file
              instead of two and only loading those characters actually  used.
              Generally  only useful on machines with a very limited amount of
              memory, like some PCs.

       -A     Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).

       -b num Generate num copies of each page, but duplicating the page  body
              rather  than using the #numcopies option.  This can be useful in
              conjunction with a header file setting  \bop-hook  to  do  color
              separations or other neat tricks.

       -B     Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).

       -c num Generate num copies of every page.  Default is 1.  (For collated
              copies, see the -C option below.)

       -C num Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in  the
              PostScript  file).  Slower than the -c option, but easier on the
              hands, and faster than resubmitting  the  same  PostScript  file
              multiple times.

       -d num Set  the  debug flags.  This is intended only for emergencies or
              for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only if dvips
              has  been  compiled  with  the DEBUG option.  If nonzero, prints
              additional information on standard error.  The number  is  taken
              as  a set of independent bits.  The meaning of each bit follows.
              1=specials;  2=paths;  4=fonts;  8=pages;  16=headers;   32=font
              compression;  64=files;  128=memory; 256=Kpathsea stat(2) calls;
              512=Kpathsea hash  table  lookups;  1024=Kpathsea  path  element
              expansion;  2048=Kpathsea  searches.  To trace everything having
              to do with file searching and opening, use 3650 (2048 +  1024  +
              512 + 64 + 2). To track all classes, you can use `-1' (output is
              extremely voluminous).

       -D num Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num.  This  affects
              the  choice  of  bitmap  fonts  that  are  loaded  and  also the
              positioning of letters in resident  PostScript  fonts.  Must  be
              between  10  and  10000.   This  affects both the horizontal and
              vertical resolution.  If a high  resolution  (something  greater
              than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the -Z flag should probably also
              be used.

       -e num Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels
              from its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The
              default  value  of  this  parameter  is  resolution   dependent.
              Allowing  individual  characters to `drift' from their correctly
              rounded positions by a few  pixels,  while  regaining  the  true
              position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing
              of letters in words.

       -E     makes dvips attempt to  generate  an  EPSF  file  with  a  tight
              bounding  box.   This  only works on one-page files, and it only
              looks at marks made by characters and rules, not by any included
              graphics.   In  addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the tfm
              file, so characters that lie outside their enclosing tfm box may
              confuse  it.   In  addition, the bounding box might be a bit too
              loose if the character glyph has significant left or right  side
              bearings.   Nonetheless,  this  option  works  well for creating
              small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like.  (Note, of
              course,  that dvips output is resolution dependent and thus does
              not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images  are  to
              be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of care.)

       -f     Run  as  a  filter.   Read the .dvi file from standard input and
              write the PostScript to standard  output.   The  standard  input
              must  be  seekable,  so  it cannot be a pipe.  If you must use a
              pipe, write a shell script that copies  the  pipe  output  to  a
              temporary  file and then points dvips at this file.  This option
              also disables the automatic reading of the  PRINTER  environment
              variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control D if it
              was turned on with the -F option or in the  configuration  file;
              use -F after this option if you want both.

       -F     Causes  Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very last
              character of the PostScript file.  This is useful when dvips  is
              driving  the  printer  directly  instead  of  working  through a
              spooler, as is common on extremely small systems.  NOTE! DO  NOT
              USE THIS OPTION!

       -G     Causes dvips to shift non-printing characters to higher-numbered
              positions.  This may be useful sometimes.

       -h name
              Prepend file name as an additional header file. (However, if the
              name  is  simply `-' suppress all header files from the output.)
              This header file gets added to the PostScript userdict.

       -i     Make  each  section  be  a   separate   file.    Under   certain
              circumstances,  dvips will split the document up into `sections'
              to be processed independently;  this  is  most  often  done  for
              memory  reasons.   Using  this  option tells dvips to place each
              section into a separate file; the new  file  names  are  created
              replacing  the  suffix  of  the  supplied  output file name by a
              three-digit sequence number.  This option is most often used  in
              conjunction  with  the  -S option which sets the maximum section
              length in pages.  For  instance,  some  phototypesetters  cannot
              print  more  than ten or so consecutive pages before running out
              of steam; these options can be used  to  automatically  split  a
              book into ten-page sections, each to its own file.

       -j     Download  only  needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the
              default in the current release.  Some debugging flags trace this
              operation.   You  can also control partial downloading on a per-
              font basis, via the psfonts.map file.

       -k     Print crop marks.  This option increases the paper  size  (which
              should  be  specified,  either with a paper size special or with
              the -T option) by a half inch in each dimension.  It  translates
              each  page  by  a quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks.
              It is mostly useful with typesetters that can set the page  size
              automatically.

       -K     This  option  causes  comments  in included PostScript graphics,
              font files, and  headers  to  be  removed.   This  is  sometimes
              necessary  to  get  around  bugs in spoolers or PostScript post-
              processing programs.  Specifically, the  %%Page  comments,  when
              left  in,  often cause difficulties.  Use of this flag can cause
              some included graphics to  fail,  since  the  PostScript  header
              macros  from  some  software packages read portions of the input
              stream line by line, searching for a particular  comment.   This
              option  has  been  turned  off  by  default  because  PostScript
              previewers and spoolers have been getting better.

       -l num The last page printed will be the first one numbered num Default
              is  the last page in the document.  If the num is prefixed by an
              equals sign, then it (and any argument  to  the  -p  option)  is
              treated  as  a  sequence  number, rather than a value to compare
              with \count0 values.  Thus, using -l =9 will end with the  ninth
              page  of  the  document,  no  matter what the pages are actually
              numbered.

       -m     Specify manual feed for printer.

       -mode mode
              Use mode as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
              generation.   This overrides any value from configuration files.
              With the default paths,  explicitly  specifying  the  mode  also
              makes  the  program assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named
              mode.

       -M     Turns off the automatic font generation facility.  If any  fonts
              are  missing, commands to generate the fonts are appended to the
              file missfont.log in the current directory; this file  can  then
              be executed and deleted to create the missing fonts.

       -n num At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000.

       -N     Turns  off  structured comments; this might be necessary on some
              systems that try to interpret PostScript comments in weird ways,
              or  on  some PostScript printers.  Old versions of TranScript in
              particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.

       -noomega
              This will disable the use of Omega extensions when  interpreting
              DVI  files.   By default, the additional opcodes 129 and 134 are
              recognized by dvips  as  Omega  extensions  and  interpreted  as
              requests to set 2-byte characters. The only drawback is that the
              virtual font array will (at  least  temporarily)  require  65536
              positions  instead of the default 256 positions, i.e. the memory
              requirements of dvips will be slightly larger. If you find  this
              unacceptable   or  encounter  another  problem  with  the  Omega
              extensions, you can switch this extension off by using  -noomega
              (but please do send a bug report if you find such problems - see
              the bug address in the AUTHORS section below).

       -o name
              The output will be sent to file name If no file  name  is  given
              (i.e.,  -o  is  last  on  the command line), the default name is
              file.ps where the .dvi file was called file.dvi; if this  option
              isn't  given, any default in the configuration file is used.  If
              the first character of the  supplied  output  file  name  is  an
              exclamation mark, then the remainder will be used as an argument
              to  popen;  thus,  specifying  !lpr  as  the  output  file  will
              automatically  queue  the  file  for printing.  This option also
              disables  the  automatic  reading  of  the  PRINTER  environment
              variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control D if it
              was turned on with the -F option or in the  configuration  file;
              use -F after this option if you want both.

       -O offset
              Move  the  origin  by  a certain amount.  The offset is a comma-
              separated pair of dimensions, such as .1in,-.3cm  (in  the  same
              syntax  used  in the papersize special).  The origin of the page
              is shifted from the default position (of one inch down, one inch
              to  the  right  from the upper left corner of the paper) by this
              amount.

       -p num The first page printed will  be  the  first  one  numbered  num.
              Default  is  the  first  page  in  the  document.  If the num is
              prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any argument to the  -l
              option)  is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to
              compare with \count0 values.  Thus, using -p =3 will start  with
              the  third  page  of  the document, no matter what the pages are
              actually numbered.

       -pp pagelist
              A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may  be  given,
              which   will  be  interpreted  as  \count0  values.   Pages  not
              specified will not be printed.   Multiple  -pp  options  may  be
              specified or all pages and page ranges can be specified with one
              -pp option.

       -P printername
              Sets up  the  output  for  the  appropriate  printer.   This  is
              implemented  by  reading  in config.printername , which can then
              set the output pipe (as in, !lpr -Pprintername as  well  as  the
              font  paths  and  any  other config.ps defaults for that printer
              only.  Note that config.ps is read before config.printername  In
              addition,   another  file  called  ~/.dvipsrc  is  searched  for
              immediately after config.ps; this  file  is  intended  for  user
              defaults.   If  no -P command is given, the environment variable
              PRINTER  is  checked.   If   that   variable   exists,   and   a
              corresponding configuration file exists, that configuration file
              is read in.

       -q     Run in quiet mode.  Don't chatter about pages  converted,  etc.;
              report nothing but errors to standard error.

       -r     Stack  pages in reverse order.  Normally, page 1 will be printed
              first.

       -R[0|1|2]
              Run securely.  -R2 disables  both  shell  command  execution  in
              \special'{}  (via  backticks  `  )  and  config files (via the E
              option), and opening of  any  absolute  filenames.   -R1  ,  the
              default,  forbids  shell  escapes but allows absolute filenames.
              -R0 allows both.  The config file option is z

       -s     Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore
              pair.   This  causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is
              thus not recommended, but is  useful  if  you  are  driving  the
              printer  directly  and don't care too much about the portability
              of the output.

       -S num Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'.  This  option
              is most commonly used with the -i option; see that documentation
              above for more information.

       -t papertype
              This sets the paper type to papertype.  The papertype should  be
              defined  in  one  of  the  configuration  files,  along with the
              appropriate code to select it.  (Currently known  types  include
              letter,  legal,  ledger,  a4,  a3).   You  can  also  specify -t
              landscape, which rotates a document by 90 degrees.  To rotate  a
              document  whose  size  is  not letter, you can use the -t option
              twice, once for the page size,  and  once  for  landscape.   You
              should  not use any -t option when the DVI file already contains
              a papersize special, as is done by some LaTeX packages,  notably
              hyperref.sty.

              The  upper  left  corner of each page in the .dvi file is placed
              one inch from the left and one inch from the top.  Use  of  this
              option is highly dependent on the configuration file.  Note that
              executing the letter or a4 or other PostScript  operators  cause
              the  document  to be nonconforming and can cause it not to print
              on certain printers, so the paper size should not  execute  such
              an operator if at all possible.

       -T papersize
              Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions.  This option
              takes its arguments in the same style as -O.  It  overrides  any
              paper size special in the dvi file.

       -u psmapfile
              Set  psmapfile  to  be  the  file that dvips uses for looking up
              PostScript  font  aliases.   If  psmapfile  begins  with   a   +
              character,  then the rest of the name is used as the name of the
              map file, and the map file is appended to the list of map  files
              (instead  of  replacing the list).  In either case, if psmapfile
              has no extension, then .map is added at the end.

       -U     Disable a PostScript virtual  memory  saving  optimization  that
              stores  the character metric information in the same string that
              is used to store the bitmap information.  This is only necessary
              when  driving  the  Xerox  4045  PostScript  interpreter.  It is
              caused by a bug in that interpreter that results in `garbage' on
              the  bottom  of each character.  Not recommended unless you must
              drive this printer.

       -v     Print the dvips version number and exit.

       -V     Download  non-resident  PostScript  fonts  as   bitmaps.    This
              requires  use  of  `gsftopk'  or  `pstopk'  or  some  other such
              program(s) in order to generate the required bitmap fonts; these
              programs are supplied with dvips.

       -x num Set   the   magnification  ratio  to  num/1000.   Overrides  the
              magnification specified in the .dvi file.  Must  be  between  10
              and 100000.  Instead of an integer, num may be a real number for
              increased precision.

       -X num Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num.

       -y num Set the magnification ratio to num/1000 times the  magnification
              specified in the .dvi file.  See -x above.

       -Y num Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.

       -z     Pass  html  hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
              distillation into PDF.  This is not enabled by default to  avoid
              including  the  header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary
              files in creating the output.

       -Z     Causes  bitmapped  fonts  to  be  compressed  before  they   are
              downloaded,  thereby  reducing  the size of the PostScript font-
              downloading information.  Especially useful at high  resolutions
              or  when  very  large  fonts  are used.  Will slow down printing
              somewhat, especially on early 68000-based PostScript printers.

SEE ALSO

       mf(1), afm2tfm(1), tex(1), latex(1), lpr(1), dvips.texi.

ENVIRONMENT

       Dvipsk uses the same environment variables and algorithms  for  finding
       font  files  as  TeX and its friends do.  See the documentation for the
       Kpathsea library for details.  (Repeating it here is too cumbersome.)

       KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1 for complete tracing.

       PRINTER: see above.

NOTES

       PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

AUTHOR

       Tomas  Rokicki  <rokicki@cs.stanford.edu>; extended to virtual fonts by
       Don  Knuth.   Path  searching  and   configuration   modifications   by
       kb@mail.tug.org.

                                  27 May 2004                         DVIPS(1)