NAME
create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect - bitmap generator for a circular conductor
inside a rectangular conductor (part of atlc)
SYNOPSIS
create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect [options... ] d W H x y Er outfile.bmp
WARNING
This man page is not a complete set of documentation - the complexity
of the atlc project makes man pages not an ideal way to document it,
although out of completeness, man pages are produced. The best
documentation that was current at the time the version was produced
should be found on your hard drive, usually at
/usr/local/share/atlc/docs/html-docs/index.html
although it might be elsewhere if your system administrator chose to
install the package elsewhere. Sometimes, errors are corrected in the
documentation and placed at http://atlc.sourceforge.net/ before a new
release of atlc is released. Please, if you notice a problem with the
documentation - even spelling errors and typos, please let me know.
DESCRIPTION
create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect is a pre-processor for atlc, the finite
difference program that is used to calculate the properties of a two-
conductor electrical transmission line of arbitrary cross section. The
program create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect is used as a fast way of generating
bitmaps (there is no need to use a graphics program), for a circular
conductor inside a rectangular conductor, like this:
-------------------------------------------------------- ^
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| Dielectric, permittivity=Er | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| <------x------> ^ | H
| ***** | | |
| *********** y | |
| ************* | | |
| ************** | | |
| <-----d------> v | |
| ************** | |
| ************* | |
| *********** | |
| *** | |
| | |
------------------------------------------------------- v
<---------------------------W-------------------------->
The parameters ’W’ and ’H’ and the inner dimensions of the outer
conductor. The inner conductor has a diameter of ’d’ and is offset
from the centre of the outer conductor by an amount ’x’ horizontally
and ’y’ vertically. The space between the inner and outer conductors
is a dielectric of relative permittivity ’Er’. If there is just a
vacuum dielectric, then ’Er’ should be set to 1.0
The bitmap is printed to standard output, which MUST be re-directed to
either a file in one of the following two ways.
create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect d W H x y Er > filename.bmp OR
create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect -f filename.bmp d W H x y Er
The bitmaps produced by create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect are 24-bit bit
colour bitmaps, as are required by atlc.
The permittivities of the bitmap, set by ’Er’, determine the colours in
the bitmap. If Er1 is 1.0, 1.006, 2.1, 2.2, 2.33, 2.5, 3.3, 3.335, 3.7,
4.8, 10.2 or 100 then the colour corresponding to that permittivity
will be set according to the colours defined in COLOURS below. If Er is
not one of those permittivities, the region of permittivity Er will be
set to the colour 0xCAFF00. The program atlc does not know what these
permittivites are, so atlc, must be told with the -d command line
option, as in example 4 below.
OPTIONS
-b bitmapsize
is used to set the size of the bitmap, and so the accuracy to which
atlc is able to calculate the transmission line’s properties. The
default value for ’bitmapsize’ is normally 4, although this is set at
compile time. The value can be set anywhere from 1 to 15, but more than
8 is probably not sensible.
-f outfile
-v
Causes create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect to print some data to stderr. Note,
nothing extra goes to standard output, as that is expected to be
redirected to a bitmap file.
COLOURS
The 24-bit bitmaps that atlc expects, have 8 bits assigned to represent
the amount of red, 8 for blue and 8 for green. Hence there are 256
levels of red, green and blue, making a total of 256*256*256=16777216
colours. Every one of the possible 16777216 colours can be defined
precisely by the stating the exact amount of red, green and blue, as
in:
red = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000
green = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00
blue = 000,000,255 or 0x0000ff
black = 000,000,000 or 0x000000
white = 255,255,255 or 0xffffff
Brown = 255,000,255 or 0xff00ff
gray = 142,142,142 or 0x8e8e8e
Some colours, such as pink, turquoise, sandy, brown, gray etc may mean
slightly different things to different people. This is not so with
atlc, as the program expects the colours below to be EXACTLY defined as
given. Whether you feel the colour is sandy or yellow is up to you, but
if you use it in your bitmap, then it either needs to be a colour
recognised by atlc, or you must define it with a command line option
(see OPTIONS and example 5 below).
The following conductors are recognised by atlc:
red = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000 is the live conductor.
green = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00 is the grounded conductor.
black = 000,000,000 or 0x000000 is the negative conductor
All bitmaps must have the live (red) and grounded (green) conductor.
The black conductor is not currently supported, but it will be used to
indicate a negative conductor, which will be needed if/when the program
gets extended to analyse directional couplers.
The following dielectrics are recognised by atlc and so are produced by
create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect.
white 255,255,255 or 0xFFFFFF as Er=1.0 (vacuum)
white 255,202,202 or 0xFFCACA as Er=1.0006 (air)
blue 000,000,255 or 0x0000FF as Er=2.1 (PTFE)
Mid gray 142,242,142 or 0x8E8E8E as Er=2.2 (duroid 5880)
mauve 255.000,255 or 0xFF00FF as Er=2.33 (polyethylene)
yellow 255,255,000 or 0xFFFF00 as Er=2.5 (polystyrene)
sandy 239,203,027 or 0xEFCC1A as Er=3.3 (PVC)
brown 188,127,096 or 0xBC7F60 as Er=3.335 (epoxy resin)
Turquoise 026,239,179 or 0x1AEFB3 as Er=4.8 (glass PCB)
Dark gray 142,142,142 or ox696969 as Er=6.15 (duroid 6006)
L. gray 240,240,240 or 0xDCDCDC as Er=10.2 (duroid 6010)
D. Orange 213,160,077 or 0xD5A04D as Er=100 (for testing)
If the permittivity is one not in the above list, then those parts of
the image with Er1 will be set to 0xCAFF00, and those parts with Er2 to
0xAC82AC.
EXAMPLES
Here are a few examples of the use of create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect.
Again, see the html documentation in atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs for more
examples.
In the first example, there is just an air dielectric, so Er1=Er2=1.0.
The inner of 1x1 inches (or mm, miles etc) is placed centrally in an
outer with dimensions 3 x 3 inches.
The exact place where the dielectric starts (a) and its width (d) are
unimportant, but they must still be entered.
% create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 > ex1.bmp
% atlc ex1.bmp
In this second example, an inner of 15.0 mm x 0.5 mm is surrounded by
an outer with internal dimensions of 61.5 x 20.1 mm. There is a
material with permittivity 2.1 (Er of PTFE) below the inner conductor.
The output from create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect is sent to a file ex1.bmp,
which is then processed by atlc
% create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect 61.5 20.1 5 22 0.5 50 15 5 1.0 2.1 >
ex2.bmp
% atlc ex2.bmp
In example 3, the bitmap is made larger, to increase accuracy, but
otherwise this is identical to the second example. %
create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect -b7 61.5 20.1 5 22 0.5 50 15 5 1.0 2.1 >
ex3.bmp
% atlc ex3.bmp
In the fourth example, instead of re-directing
create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect’s output to a file with the > sign, it is
done using the -f option.
% create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect -f ex4.bmp 61.5 20.1 5 22 0.5 50 15 5 1.0
2.1
% atlc ex4.bmp
In the fifth example, materials with permittivites 2.78 and 7.89 are
used. While there is no change in how to use
create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect, since these permittivities are not known,
we must tell atlc what they are. % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect 61 20 1
4 22 0.5 50 15 5 2.78 7.89 > ex5.bmp % atlc -d CAFF00=2.78 -d
AC82AC=7.89 ex5.bmp In the sixth and final example, the -v option is
used to print some extra data to stderr from
create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect.
SEE ALSO
atlc(1) create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ(1)
create_bmp_for_microstrip_coupler(1) create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect(1)
create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect_coupler(1)
create_bmp_for_rect_in_circ(1) create_bmp_for_rect_in_rect(1)
create_bmp_for_stripline_coupler(1)
create_bmp_for_symmetrical_stripline(1) design_coupler(1)
find_optimal_dimensions_for_microstrip_coupler(1) readbin(1)
http://atlc.sourceforge.net - Home page
http://sourceforge.net/projects/atlc - Download area
atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs/index.html - HTML docs
atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/qex-december-1996/atlc.pdf - theory paper
atlc-X.Y.Z/examples - examples
Dr. David Kirkby atlc-4.4.2 10/09/0create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect(1)