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NAME

       gfs2_edit - Display, print or edit GFS2 or GFS internal structures.

SYNOPSIS

       gfs2_edit [OPTION]... [DEVICE]

DESCRIPTION

       The  gfs2_edit  command  is  a  tool  used  to examine, edit or display
       internal data structures of a GFS2 or GFS file system.   The  gfs2_edit
       command  can  be  run  interactively, as described below in INTERACTIVE
       MODE.

       Caution: Several options of the gfs2_edit command alter the file system
       metadata and can cause file system corruption.  These options should be
       used with great care.

OPTIONS

       -p  [struct  |  block]  [blocktype]  [blockalloc   [val]]   [blockbits]
       [blockrg]   [find   sb|rg|rb|di|in|lf|jd|lh|ld|ea|ed|lb|13|qc]   [field
       <field> [val]]
              Print a gfs2 data structure in human-readable format to  stdout.
              You  can  enter  either a block number or a data structure name.
              Block numbers may be specified in hex (e.g.,  0x10)  or  decimal
              (e.g., 16).

              You  can  specify the following well-known locations with the -p
              option.

              sb, superblock - Print the superblock.

              root - Print the root directory.

              master - Print the master system directory.

              jindex - Print the journal index system directory.

              per_node - Print the per_node system directory.

              inum - Print the system inum file.

              statfs - Print the system statfs file.

              rindex, rgindex - Print the resource group index system file.

              rg X - Print the resource group  information  for  RG  X  (zero-
              based).

              rgs - Print the resource group information.

              quota - Print the contents of the system quota file.

              identify  -  Identify a data block rather than print the block’s
              contents.

              size - Print the device size information.

              journalX - Print the contents of journal X, where X is a journal
              number  from  0 to <the number of journals in your file system -
              1>.  Only  the  journal  headers  and  journal  descriptors  are
              dumped.   For  journal descriptors, this option prints out every
              file system block number logged in that section of the  journal.
              The actual journaled blocks are not printed.

              If  you  specify  a  block  number rather than a structure name,
              gfs2_edit will print out a breakdown of the structure  for  that
              block.   For example: gfs2_edit -p sb will print the superblock,
              but so does gfs2_edit -p 0x10 and gfs2_edit -p 16.

              If you specify -p without a block or structure  name,  gfs2_edit
              prints the superblock.

              You  can  specify  more than one data structure with a single -p
              option.  For example, gfs2_edit -p inum statfs /dev/sda1  prints
              the system inum file and the system statfs file on /dev/sda1.

              Optionally,  you  may specify the keyword blocktype to print out
              the gfs2 block type for the specified block.  Valid  gfs2  block
              types are: 0 (Clump), 1 (Superblock), 2 (Resource Group Header),
              3 (Resource Group Bitmap), 4 (Dinode),  5  (Indirect  Block),  6
              (Leaf),  7 (Journaled data), 8 (Log Header), 9 (Log descriptor),
              10 (Extended attribute), 11 (Eattr Data), 12  (Log  Buffer),  13
              (Invalid), and 14 (Quota Change).

              Optionally,  you  may  specify  the  keyword  blockalloc with an
              optional value  to  assign.   If  no  value  is  specified,  the
              blockalloc  keyword will print the block allocation type for the
              specified block.  Valid block  allocation  types  are:  0  (Free
              block),  1  (Data  block),  2  (Unlinked block), and 3 (Metadata
              block).  If a value from 0 to 3 is specified, the resource group
              bitmap  will be changed to the new value.  This may be used, for
              example, to artificially free or allocate a block  in  order  to
              test fsck.gfs2’s ability to detect and fix the problem.

              Optionally,  you may specify the keyword blockbits.  This option
              will  locate  and  print  the  block   containing   the   bitmap
              corresponding to the specified block.

              Optionally,  you  may  specify the keyword blockrg.  This option
              will locate and print the block number  of  the  resource  group
              that holds information about the specified block.

              You  may  also  use  gfs2_edit  to find the next occurrence of a
              metadata block of a certain type.   Valid  metadata  types  are:
              none   (unused   metadata  clump  block),  sb  (superblock),  rg
              (resource group), rb (rg bitmap), di (disk inode aka dinode), in
              (indirect block list), lf (directory leaf), jd (journaled data),
              lh  (journal  log  header),  ld  (journal  log  descriptor),  ea
              (extended  attribute),  ed  (ea data block), lb (log buffer), 13
              (unused block type 13), qc (quota change).  The block AFTER  the
              one specified with -p is the starting point for the search.  For
              example,  if  you  specify  gfs2_edit   -p   rg   12   find   rg
              /dev/your/device,  it  will  find  the  rg  that  follows  rg 12
              (normally, this would be rg  13).   Note,  however,  that  since
              metadata  often appears in the journals, it could be a copy of a
              different RG, inside a journal.  Also note that  gfs2_edit  will
              only find allocated metadata blocks unless the type specified is
              none, sb, rg or rb.  In other words, if you try to find  a  disk
              inode,  it will only find an allocated dinode, not a deallocated
              one.

              Optionally, you may specify the  keyword  field  followed  by  a
              valid  metadata  field name.  Right now, only the fields in disk
              inodes  and  resource  groups  are  allowed.   If  no  value  is
              specified  after  the  field,  the  value  of  the field will be
              printed to stdout.  If a value is specified, the  field’s  value
              will be changed.  This may be used, for example, to artificially
              change  the  di_size  field  for  an  inode  in  order  to  test
              fsck.gfs2’s ability to detect and fix the problem.

       -s [structure | block]
              Specify a starting block for interactive mode.  Any of the well-
              known locations found in the -p option may be specified.  If you
              want  to  start  on  a  particular resource group, specify it in
              quotes, e.g. -s "rg 3"

       -h, -help, -usage
              Print help information.

       -c [0 | 1]
              Use alternate color scheme for interactive mode: 0=normal  (dark
              colors  on  white  background),  or  1  (light  colors  on black
              background).

       -V     Print program version information only.

       -x     Print in hex mode.

       rg <rg> <device>
              Print the contents of Resource Group <rg> on <device>.

              <rg> is a number from 0 to X - 1, where X is the number of  RGs.

       rgcount <device>
              Print  the  number  of  Resource  Groups  in  the file system on
              <device>.

       rgflags <rg> [new_value] <device>
              Print and/or modify the rg_flags value of Resource Group <rg> on
              <device>.

              <rg>  is a number from 0 to X - 1, where X is the number of RGs.
              If new_value is not specified, the current rg_flags  value  will
              be  printed  but  not  modified.  If new_value is specified, the
              rg_flags field will be overwritten with the new value.

       printsavedmeta <filename>
              Print off a list of blocks from <filename> that were saved  with
              the savemeta option.

       savemeta <device> <filename>
              Save  off  the GFS2 metadata (not user data) for the file system
              on the specified device to a file given by <filename>.  You  can
              use   this  option  to  analyze  file  system  problems  without
              revealing sensitive information that may  be  contained  in  the
              files.   This  option  works  quickly by using the system bitmap
              blocks in the resource groups to determine the location  of  all
              the  metadata.   If there is corruption in the bitmaps, resource
              groups or rindex file, this method may fail and you may need  to
              use  the  savemetaslow  option.   The  destination  file  is not
              compressed.  You may want to compress it with a program such  as
              bzip2 before sending it for analysis.

       savemetaslow <device> <filename>
              Save  off  GFS2 metadata, as with the savemeta option, examining
              every block in the file system for  metadata.   This  option  is
              less  prone  to  failure  due to file system corruption than the
              savemeta option, but it is extremely slow.

       savergs <device> <filename>
              Save off only the GFS2 resource  group  metadata  for  the  file
              system on the specified device to a file given by <filename>.

       restoremeta <filename> <dest device>
              Take  a  file  created with the savemeta option and restores its
              contents on top of the specified destination  device.   WARNING:
              When  you  use  this option, the file system and all data on the
              destination device is destroyed.  Since only  metadata  (but  no
              data)  is  restored,  every file in the resulting file system is
              likely to be corrupt.  The ONLY purpose of  this  option  is  to
              examine   and  debug  file  system  problems  by  restoring  and
              examining the state of the saved metadata.  If  the  destination
              file  system  is  the  same  size or larger than the source file
              system where the metadata was saved, the resulting  file  system
              will  be the same size as the source.  If the destination device
              is smaller than the source file system, gfs2_edit  will  restore
              as  much  as  it  can, then quit, leaving you with a file system
              that probably will not mount, but from which you might still  be
              able to figure out what is wrong with the source file system.

INTERACTIVE MODE

       If  you  specify a device on the gfs2_edit command line and you specify
       no options other than -c, gfs2_edit will act  as  an  interactive  GFS2
       file  system  editor  for the file system you specify.  There are three
       display modes: hex mode, structure mode and pointers mode.  You use the
       m  key  to switch between the modes, as described below.  The modes are
       as follows:

       Hex mode (default)
              Display or edit blocks of the file  system  in  hexadecimal  and
              ascii.

              Lines  at the top indicate the currently displayed block in both
              hex and decimal.  If the block contains a GFS2  data  structure,
              the name of that structure will appear in the upper right corner
              of the display.  If the block is a well-known block, such as the
              superblock  or  rindex, there will be a line to indicate what it
              is.

              In hex mode,  you  can  edit  blocks  by  pressing  <enter>  and
              entering  hexadecimal  digits  to  replace  the  highlighted hex
              digits.  Do NOT precede the numbers with "0x".  For example,  if
              you want to change the value at offset 0x60 from a 0x12 to 0xef,
              position  your  cursor  to  offset  0x60,  so  that  the  12  is
              highlighted,  then  press  <enter>  and  type  in  "ef".   Press
              <escape> or <enter> to exit edit mode.

              In hex mode, different colors indicate  different  things.   For
              example,  in  the  default color scheme, the GFS2 data structure
              will be black, data offsets will be light blue, and actual  data
              (anything after the gfs2 data structure) will be red.

       Structure mode
              Decode the file system block into its GFS2 structure and display
              the values of that structure.  This  mode  is  most  useful  for
              jumping  around  the  file system.  For example, you can use the
              arrow keys to position down to a pointer and press J to jump  to
              that block.

       Pointers mode
              Display  any additional information appearing on the block.  For
              example, if an inode has block pointers, this will display  them
              and  allow you to scroll through them.  You can also position to
              one of them and press J to jump to that block.

Interactive mode command keys:

       q or <esc>
              The q or <escape> keys are used to exit gfs2_edit.

       <arrow/movement keys> up, down, right, left, pg-up, pg-down, home, end
              The arrow keys are used to highlight an  area  of  the  display.
              The  J key may be used to jump to the block that is highlighted.

       m - Mode switch
              The m key is used to switch between  the  three  display  modes.
              The  initial mode is hex mode.  Pressing the m key once switches
              to structure mode.  Pressing it  a  second  time  switches  from
              structure mode to pointers mode.  Pressing it a third time takes
              you back to hex mode again.

       j - Jump to block
              The  j  key  jumps  to  the  block  number  that  is   currently
              highlighted.   In hex mode, hitting J will work when any byte of
              the pointer is highlighted.

       g - Goto block
              The g key asks for a block number, then jumps there.  Note  that
              in  many  cases, you can also arrow up so that the current block
              number is highlighted, then  press  <enter>  to  enter  a  block
              number to jump to.

       h - Help display
              The h key causes the interactive help display to be shown.

       e - Extended mode
              The  e  key  causes gfs2_edit to switch to extended ("pointers")
              mode.

       c - Color scheme
              The c key causes gfs2_edit to  switch  to  its  alternate  color
              scheme.

       f - Forward block
              The f key causes you to scroll forward one block.  This does not
              affect the "jump" status.  In other words, if you use the f  key
              to  move  forward  several blocks, pressing <backspace> will not
              roll you back up.

       <enter> - Edit value
              The <enter> key causes you to go from display mode to edit mode.
              If  you  are in hex mode and you hit enter, you can type new hex
              values at the cursor’s current location.  Note: pressing <enter>
              in  structure  mode  allows  you  to enter a new value, with the
              following restrictions:   For  gfs2  disk  inodes  and  resource
              groups,  it  will  actually  change  the value on disk. However,
              inode numbers may not be changed.  For all other structures, the
              values entered are ignored.

              If  you use the up arrow key to highlight the block number, then
              press <enter>, you may then enter a new block number, or any  of
              the  well-known  block  locations listed above (e.g. sb, rindex,
              inum, rg  17,  etc.)  and  gfs2_edit  will  jump  to  the  block
              specified.   If  you  specify  a  slash  character followed by a
              metadata type, gfs2_edit will search for the next occurrence  of
              that  metadata  block type, and jump there.  It will take you to
              block 0 if it does not find any more  blocks  of  the  specified
              metadata type.

       <home> If  you  are in pointers mode, this takes you back to the starts
              of the pointers you are viewing.  Otherwise it takes you back to
              the superblock.

       <backspace>
              This  takes  you  back to the block you were displaying before a
              jump.

       <space>
              This takes you forward to the block you were displaying when you
              hit <backspace>.

EXAMPLES

       gfs2_edit /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
              Display    and    optionally    edit    the   file   system   on
              /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv

       gfs2_edit -p sb /dev/vg0/lvol0
              Print  the  superblock  of  the  gfs2  file  system  located  on
              /dev/vg0/lvol0.

       gfs2_edit -p identify 2746 2748 /dev/sda2
              Print out what kind of blocks are at block numbers 2746 and 2748
              on device /dev/sda2.

       gfs2_edit -p rindex /dev/sda1
              Print the resource group index system  file  located  on  device
              /dev/sda1.

       gfs2_edit savemeta /dev/sda1 /tmp/our_fs
              Save off all metadata (but no user data) to file /tmp/our_fs.

       gfs2_edit -p root /dev/my_vg/my_lv
              Print the contents of the root directory in /dev/my_vg/my_lv.

       gfs2-edit -x -p 0x3f7a /dev/sda1
              Print the contents of block 16250 of /dev/sda1 in hex.

       gfs2_edit -p 12345 /dev/sdc2
              Print the gfs2 data structure at block 12345.

       gfs2_edit rgcount /dev/sdb1
              Print how many Resource Groups exist for /dev/sdb1.

       gfs2_edit -p rg 17 /dev/sdb1
              Print   the   contents  of  the  eighteenth  Resource  Group  on
              /dev/sdb1.

       gfs2_edit rgflags 3 /dev/sdb1
              Print the rg_flags  value  for  the  fourth  Resource  Group  on
              /dev/sdb1.

       gfs2_edit rgflags 3 8 /dev/sdb1
              Set  the  GFS2_RGF_NOALLOC flag on for the fourth Resource Group
              on /dev/sdb1.

       gfs2_edit -p 25 blockalloc /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
              Print the block allocation type of block 25.  May  produce  this
              output: 3 (Metadata)

       gfs2_edit -p 25 blockalloc 1 /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
              Change  the  block  allocation  type  of  block 25 to data.  May
              produce this output: 1

       gfs2_edit -p 25 blocktype /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
              Print the metadata block type of block  25.   May  produce  this
              output: 4 (Block 25 is type 4: Dinode)

       gfs2_edit -p 25 field di_size /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
              Print  the  di_size field of block 25.  May produce this output:
              134217728

       gfs2_edit -x -p 25 field di_size /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
              Print the di_size  field  of  block  25,  in  hexidecimal.   May
              produce this output: 0x8000000

       gfs2_edit -p 25 field di_size 0x4000 /dev/roth_vg/roth_lv
              Change  the  di_size  field of block 25 to the hexidecimal value
              0x4000.  May produce this output: 16384

KNOWN BUGS

       The directory code does not work well.  It might be confused
              by directory "sentinel" entries.

                                                                  gfs2_edit(8)