Man Linux: Main Page and Category List

NAME

       tcrules - Shorewall Packet Marking rules file

SYNOPSIS

       /etc/shorewall/tcrules

DESCRIPTION

       Entries in this file cause packets to be marked as a means of
       classifying them for traffic control or policy routing.

           Important
           Unlike rules in the shorewall-rules[1](5) file, evaluation of rules
           in this file will continue after a match. So the final mark for
           each packet will be the one assigned by the LAST tcrule that
           matches.

           If you use multiple internet providers with the 'track' option, in
           /etc/shorewall/providers be sure to read the restrictions at
           http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html.

       The columns in the file are as follows.

       MARK/CLASSIFY -
       {value|major:minor|RESTORE[/mask]|SAVE[/mask]|CONTINUE|SAME|COMMENT|IPMARK[([(src|dst}][,[mask1][,[mask2][,[shift]]]]])]}[:{C|F|P|T|CF|CP|CT}]
           May assume one of the following values.

            1. A mark value which is an integer in the range 1-255.

               Normally will set the mark value. If preceded by a vertical bar
               ("|"), the mark value will be logically ORed with the current
               mark value to produce a new mark value. If preceded by an
               ampersand ("&"), will be logically ANDed with the current mark
               value to produce a new mark value.

               Both "|" and "&" require Extended MARK Target support in your
               kernel and iptables; neither may be used with connection marks
               (see below).

               May optionally be followed by :P, :F or :T where :P indicates
               that marking should occur in the PREROUTING chain, :F indicates
               that marking should occur in the FORWARD chain and :T indicates
               that marking should occur in the POSTROUTING chain. If neither
               :P, :F nor :T follow the mark value then the chain is
               determined as follows:

               - If the SOURCE is
               $FW[:address-or-range[,address-or-range]...], then the rule is
               inserted into the OUTPUT chain. When HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, only
               high mark values may be assigned there. Packet marking rules
               for traffic shaping of packets originating on the firewall must
               be coded in the POSTROUTING chain (see below).

               - Otherwise, the chain is determined by the setting of
               MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN in shorewall.conf[2](5).

               If your kernel and iptables include CONNMARK support then you
               can also mark the connection rather than the packet.

               The mark value may be optionally followed by "/" and a mask
               value (used to determine those bits of the connection mark to
               actually be set). The mark and optional mask are then followed
               by one of:+

               C
                   Mark the connection in the chain determined by the setting
                   of MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN

               CF
                   Mark the connection in the FORWARD chain

               CP
                   Mark the connection in the PREROUTING chain.

               CT
                   Mark the connecdtion in the POSTROUTING chain

               Special considerations for If HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes in
               shorewall.conf[2](5).

               If HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, then you may also specify a value in
               the range 0x0100-0xFF00 with the low-order byte being zero.
               Such values may only be used in the PREROUTING chain (value
               followed by :P or you have set MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in
               shorewall.conf[2](5) and have not followed the value with :F)
               or the OUTPUT chain (SOURCE is $FW). With HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes,
               non-zero mark values less that 256 are not permitted. Shorewall
               prohibits non-zero mark values less that 256 in the OUTPUT
               chain when HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes. While earlier versions allow
               such values in the OUTPUT chain, it is strongly recommended
               that with HIGH_ROUTE_MARKS=Yes, you use the POSTROUTING chain
               to apply traffic shaping marks/classification.

            2. A classification Id (classid) of the form major:minor where
               major and minor are integers. Corresponds to the 'class'
               specification in these traffic shaping modules:

                          atm
                          cbq
                          dsmark
                          pfifo_fast
                          htb
                          prio

               Classification occurs in the POSTROUTING chain except when the
               SOURCE is $FW[:address] in which case classification occurs in
               the OUTPUT chain.

               When using Shorewall's built-in traffic shaping tool, the major
               class is the device number (the first device in
               shorewall-tcdevices[3](5) is major class 1, the second device
               is major class 2, and so on) and the minor class is the class's
               MARK value in shorewall-tcclasses[4](5) preceded by the number
               1 (MARK 1 corresponds to minor class 11, MARK 5 corresponds to
               minor class 15, MARK 22 corresponds to minor class 122, etc.).

            3. RESTORE[/mask] -- restore the packet's mark from the
               connection's mark using the supplied mask if any. Your kernel
               and iptables must include CONNMARK support.

               As in 1) above, may be followed by :P or :F

            4. SAVE[/mask] -- save the packet's mark to the connection's mark
               using the supplied mask if any. Your kernel and iptables must
               include CONNMARK support.

               As in 1) above, may be followed by :P or :F

            5. CONTINUE Don't process any more marking rules –in the table.

               As in 1) above, may be followed by :P or :F. Currently,
               CONTINUE may not be used with exclusion (see the SOURCE and
               DEST columns below); that restriction will be removed when
               iptables/Netfilter provides the necessary support.

            6. SAME Some websites run applications that require multiple
               connections from a client browser. Where multiple 'balanced'
               providers are configured, this can lead to problems when some
               of the connections are routed through one provider and some
               through another. The SAME target allows you to work around that
               problem. SAME may be used in the PREROUTING and OUTPUT chains.
               When used in PREROUTING, it causes matching connections from an
               individual local system to all use the same provider. For
               example:

                   #MARK/            SOURCE         DEST         PROTO      DEST
                   #CLASSIFY                                                PORT(S)
                   SAME:P            192.168.1.0/24 0.0.0.0/0    tcp        80,443

               If a host in 192.168.1.0/24 attempts a connection on TCP port
               80 or 443 and it has sent a packet on either of those ports in
               the last five minutes then the new connection will use the same
               provider as the connection over which that last packet was
               sent.

               When used in the OUTPUT chain, it causes all matching
               connections to an individual remote system to all use the same
               provider. For example:

                   #MARK/            SOURCE         DEST         PROTO      DEST
                   #CLASSIFY                                                PORT(S)
                   SAME              $FW            0.0.0.0/0    tcp        80,443

               If the firewall attempts a connection on TCP port 80 or 443 and
               it has sent a packet on either of those ports in the last five
               minutes to the same remote system then the new connection will
               use the same provider as the connection over which that last
               packet was sent.

            7. COMMENT -- the rest of the line will be attached as a comment
               to the Netfilter rule(s) generated by the following entries.
               The comment will appear delimited by "/* ... */" in the output
               of shorewall show mangle

               To stop the comment from being attached to further rules,
               simply include COMMENT on a line by itself.

            8. IPMARK – Assigns a mark to each matching packet based on the
               either the source or destination IP address. By default, it
               assigns a mark value equal to the low-order 8 bits of the
               source address. Default values are:
                   src
                   mask1 = 0xFF
                   mask2 = 0x00
                   shift = 0
               'src' and 'dst' specify whether the mark is to be based on the
               source or destination address respectively. The selected
               address is first shifted to the right by shift bits. The result
               is then LANDed with mask1 then LORed with mask2.

               In a sense, the IPMARK target is more like an IPCLASSIFY target
               in that the mark value is later interpreted as a class ID. A
               packet mark is 32 bits wide; so is a class ID. The <major>
               class occupies the high-order 16 bits and the <minor> class
               occupies the low-order 16 bits. So the class ID 1:4ff (remember
               that class IDs are always in hex) is equivalent to a mark value
               of 0x104ff. Remember that Shorewall uses the interface number
               as the <major> number where the first interface in tcdevices
               has <major> number 1, the second has <major> number 2, and so
               on.

               The IPMARK target assigns a mark to each matching packet based
               on the either the source or destination IP address. By default,
               it assigns a mark value equal to the low-order 8 bits of the
               source address. The syntax is as follows:
               IPMARK[([{src|dst}][,[mask1][,[mask2][,[shift]]]])] Default
               values are:
                   src
                   mask1 = 0xFF
                   mask2 = 0x00
                   shift = 0
               src and dst specify whether the mark is to be based on the
               source or destination address respectively. The selected
               address is first shifted right by shift, then LANDed with mask1
               and then LORed with mask2. The shift argument is intended to be
               used primarily with IPv6 addresses.

               Example: IPMARK(src,0xff,0x10100)
                   Suppose that the source IP address is 192.168.4.3 =
                                     0xc0a80403; then
                   0xc0a80403 >> 0 = 0xc0a80403
                   0xc0a80403 LAND 0xFF = 0x03
                   0x03 LOR 0x0x10100 = 0x10103 or class ID
                                     1:103
               It is important to realize that, while class IDs are composed
               of a major and a minor value, the set of values must be unique.
               That is, the same numeric value cannot be used as both a major
               and a minor number for the same interface unless class nesting
               occurs (which is not currently possible with Shorewall). You
               should keep this in mind when deciding how to map IP addresses
               to class IDs.

               For example, suppose that your internal network is
               192.168.1.0/29 (host IP addresses 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.6).
               Your first notion might be to use IPMARK(src,0xFF,0x10000) so
               as to produce class IDs 1:1 through 1:6. But 1:1 is an invalid
               class ID since the major and minor classes are equal. So you
               might chose instent to use IPMARK(src,0xFF,0x10100) as in the
               example above so that all of your minor classes will have a
               value > 256.

       SOURCE -
       {-|{interface|$FW}|[{interface|$FW}:]address-or-range[,address-or-range]...}[exclusion]
           May be:

            1. An interface name - matches traffic entering the firewall on
               the specified interface. May not be used in classify rules or
               in rules using the :T chain qualifier.

            2. A comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses or MAC
               addresses.  This form will not match traffic that originates on
               the firewall itself unless either <major><minor> or the :T
               chain qualifier is used in the MARK column.

               Examples:.RS 4 0.0.0.0/0

               192.168.1.0/24, 172.20.4.0/24

        3. An interface name followed by a colon (":") followed by a
           comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses or MAC
           addresses. May not be used in classify rules or in rules using the
           :T chain qualifier.

        4. $FW optionally followed by a colon (":") and a comma-separated list
           of host or network IP addresses. Matches packets originating on the
           firewall. May not be used with a chain qualifier (:P, :F, etc.) in
           the MARK column.

       MAC addresses must be prefixed with "~" and use "-" as a separator.

       Example: ~00-A0-C9-15-39-78

       You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined through use
       of an exclusion (see shorewall-exclusion[5](5)).

       DEST -
       {-|{interface|[interface:]address-or-range[,address-or-range]...}[exclusion]
           May be:

            1. An interface name. May not be used in the PREROUTING chain (:P
               in the mark column or no chain qualifier and
               MARK_IN_FORWARD_CHAIN=No in shorewall.conf[6] (5)). The
               interface name may be optionally followed by a colon (":") and
               an IP address list.

            2. A comma-separated list of host or network IP addresses. The
               list may include ip address ranges if your kernel and iptables
               include iprange support.

           You may exclude certain hosts from the set already defined through
           use of an exclusion (see shorewall-exclusion[5](5)).

       PROTO -
       {-|tcp:syn|ipp2p|ipp2p:udp|ipp2p:all|protocol-number|protocol-name|all}
           Protocol - ipp2p requires ipp2p match support in your kernel and
           iptables.

       PORT(S) (Optional) -
       [-|port-name-number-or-range[,port-name-number-or-range]...]
           Destination Ports. A comma-separated list of Port names (from
           services(5)), port numbers or port ranges; if the protocol is icmp,
           this column is interpreted as the destination icmp-type(s). ICMP
           types may be specified as a numeric type, a numberic type and code
           separated by a slash (e.g., 3/4), or a typename. See
           http://www.shorewall.net/configuration_file_basics.htm#ICMP.

           If the protocol is ipp2p, this column is interpreted as an ipp2p
           option without the leading "--" (example bit for bit-torrent). If
           no PORT is given, ipp2p is assumed.

           This column is ignored if PROTOCOL = all but must be entered if any
           of the following field is supplied. In that case, it is suggested
           that this field contain "-"

       SOURCE PORT(S) (Optional) -
       [-|port-name-number-or-range[,port-name-number-or-range]...]
           Source port(s). If omitted, any source port is acceptable.
           Specified as a comma-separated list of port names, port numbers or
           port ranges.

       USER (Optional) -
       [!][user-name-or-number][:group-name-or-number][+program-name]
           This column may only be non-empty if the SOURCE is the firewall
           itself.

           When this column is non-empty, the rule applies only if the program
           generating the output is running under the effective user and/or
           group specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).

           Examples:

           joe
               program must be run by joe

           :kids
               program must be run by a member of the 'kids' group

           !:kids
               program must not be run by a member of the 'kids' group

           +upnpd
               #program named upnpd

                   Important
                   The ability to specify a program name was removed from
                   Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14.

       TEST - [!]value[/mask][:C]
           Defines a test on the existing packet or connection mark. The rule
           will match only if the test returns true.

           If you don't want to define a test but need to specify anything in
           the following columns, place a "-" in this field.

           !
               Inverts the test (not equal)

           value
               Value of the packet or connection mark.

           mask
               A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.

           :C
               Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet mark's
               value is tested.

       LENGTH (Optional) - [length|[min]:[max]]
           Packet Length. This field, if present allow you to match the length
           of a packet against a specific value or range of values. You must
           have iptables length support for this to work. A range is specified
           in the form min:max where either min or max (but not both) may be
           omitted. If min is omitted, then 0 is assumed; if max is omitted,
           than any packet that is min or longer will match.

       TOS - tos
           Type of service. Either a standard name, or a numeric value to
           match.

                        Minimize-Delay (16)
                        Maximize-Throughput (8)
                        Maximize-Reliability (4)
                        Minimize-Cost (2)
                        Normal-Service (0)

       CONNBYTES - [!]min:[max[:{O|R|B}[:{B|P|A}]]]
           Connection Bytes; defines a byte or packet range that the
           connection must fall within in order for the rule to match.

           A packet matches if the the packet/byte count is within the range
           defined by min and max (unless ! is given in which case, a packet
           matches if the packet/byte count is not within the range).  min is
           an integer which defines the beginning of the byte/packet range.
           max is an integer which defines the end of the byte/packet range;
           if omitted, only the beginning of the range is checked. The first
           letter gives the direction which the range refers to:O - The
           original direction of the connection. .sp - The opposite direction
           from the original connection. .sp B - The total of both directions.

           If omitted, B is assumed.

           The second letter determines what the range refers to.B - Bytes .sp
           P - Packets .sp A - Average packet size.If omitted, B is assumed.

       HELPER - helper
           Names a Netfiler protocol helper module such as ftp, sip, amanda,
           etc. A packet will match if it was accepted by the named helper
           module. You can also append "-" and a port number to the helper
           module name (e.g., ftp-21) to specify the port number that the
           original connection was made on.

           Example: Mark all FTP data connections with mark 4:

               #MARK/    SOURCE    DEST      PROTO   PORT(S)    SOURCE  USER TEST LENGTH TOS CONNBYTES HELPER
               #CLASSIFY                                        PORT(S)
               4:T       0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 TCP     -          -       -    -    -      -   -         ftp

EXAMPLE

       Example 1:
           Mark all ICMP echo traffic with packet mark 1. Mark all peer to
           peer traffic with packet mark 4.

           This is a little more complex than otherwise expected. Since the
           ipp2p module is unable to determine all packets in a connection are
           P2P packets, we mark the entire connection as P2P if any of the
           packets are determined to match.

           We assume packet/connection mark 0 means unclassified.

                      #MARK/     SOURCE    DEST         PROTO   PORT(S)       SOURCE  USER    TEST
                      #CLASSIFY                                               PORT(S)
                      1:T        0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0    icmp    echo-request
                      1:T        0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0    icmp    echo-reply
                      RESTORE:T  0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0    all     -             -       -       0
                      CONTINUE:T 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0    all     -             -       -       !0
                      4:T         0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0   ipp2p:all
                      SAVE:T      0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0   all     -             -       -       !0

           If a packet hasn't been classifed (packet mark is 0), copy the
           connection mark to the packet mark. If the packet mark is set,
           we're done. If the packet is P2P, set the packet mark to 4. If the
           packet mark has been set, save it to the connection mark.

FILES

       /etc/shorewall/tcrules

SEE ALSO

       http://shorewall.net/traffic_shaping.htm

       http://shorewall.net/MultiISP.html

       http://shorewall.net/PacketMarking.html

       shorewall(8), shorewall-accounting(5), shorewall-actions(5),
       shorewall-blacklist(5), shorewall-ecn(5), shorewall-exclusion(5),
       shorewall-hosts(5), shorewall-interfaces(5), shorewall-ipsec(5),
       shorewall-maclist(5), shorewall-masq(5), shorewall-nat(5),
       shorewall-netmap(5), shorewall-params(5), shorewall-policy(5),
       shorewall-providers(5), shorewall-proxyarp(5),
       shorewall-route_rules(5), shorewall-routestopped(5),
       shorewall-rules(5), shorewall.conf(5), shorewall-tcclasses(5),
       shorewall-tcdevices(5), shorewall-tos(5), shorewall-tunnels(5),
       shorewall-zones(5)

NOTES

        1. shorewall-rules
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-rules.html

        2. shorewall.conf
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall.conf.html

        3. shorewall-tcdevices
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-tcdevices.html

        4. shorewall-tcclasses
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-tcclasses.html

        5. shorewall-exclusion
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-exclusion.html

        6. shorewall.conf
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall.conf

[FIXME: source]                   06/17/2010