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NAME

       masq - Shorewall Masquerade/SNAT definition file

SYNOPSIS

       /etc/shorewall/masq

DESCRIPTION

       Use this file to define dynamic NAT (Masquerading) and to define Source
       NAT (SNAT).

           Warning
           The entries in this file are order-sensitive. The first entry that
           matches a particular connection will be the one that is used.

           Warning
           If you have more than one ISP link, adding entries to this file
           will not force connections to go out through a particular link. You
           must use entries in shorewall-route_rules[1](5) or PREROUTING
           entries in shorewall-tcrules[2](5) to do that.

       The columns in the file are as follows.

       INTERFACE -
       {[+]interfacelist[:[digit]][:[address[,address]...[exclusion]]|COMMENT}
           Outgoing interfacelist. This may be a comma-separated list of
           interface names. This is usually your internet interface. If
           ADD_SNAT_ALIASES=Yes in shorewall.conf[3](5), you may add ":" and a
           digit to indicate that you want the alias added with that name
           (e.g., eth0:0). This will allow the alias to be displayed with
           ifconfig.  That is the only use for the alias name; it may not
           appear in any other place in your Shorewall configuration.

           Each interface must match an entry in shorewall-interfaces[4](5).
           Shorewall allows loose matches to wildcard entries in
           shorewall-interfaces[4](5). For example, ppp0 in this file will
           match a shorewall-interfaces[4](5) entry that defines ppp+.

           Where more that one internet provider share a single interface[5],
           the provider is specified by including the provider name or number
           in parentheses:

                       eth0(Avvanta)

           In that case, you will want to specify the interfaces's address for
           that provider in the ADDRESS column.

           The interface may be qualified by adding the character ":" followed
           by a comma-separated list of destination host or subnet addresses
           to indicate that you only want to change the source IP address for
           packets being sent to those particular destinations. Exclusion is
           allowed (see shorewall-exclusion[6](5)).

           If you wish to inhibit the action of ADD_SNAT_ALIASES for this
           entry then include the ":" but omit the digit:

                       eth0(Avvanta):
                       eth2::192.0.2.32/27

           Normally Masq/SNAT rules are evaluated after those for one-to-one
           NAT (defined in shorewall-nat[7](5)). If you want the rule to be
           applied before one-to-one NAT rules, prefix the interface name with
           "+":

                       +eth0
                       +eth0:192.0.2.32/27
                       +eth0:2

           This feature should only be required if you need to insert rules in
           this file that preempt entries in shorewall-nat[7](5).

           Comments may be attached to Netfilter rules generated from entries
           in this file through the use of COMMENT lines. These lines begin
           with the word COMMENT; the remainder of the line is treated as a
           comment which is attached to subsequent rules until another COMMENT
           line is found or until the end of the file is reached. To stop
           adding comments to rules, use a line with only the word COMMENT.

       SOURCE (Formerly called SUBNET) -
       {interface[:exclusion]|address[,address][exclusion]}
           Set of hosts that you wish to masquerade. You can specify this as
           an address (net or host) or as an interface (use of an interface is
           deprecated). If you give the name of an interface, the interface
           must be up before you start the firewall and the Shorewall rules
           compiler will warn you of that fact. (Shorewall will use your main
           routing table to determine the appropriate addresses to
           masquerade).

           In order to exclude a address of the specified SOURCE, you may
           append an exclusion ("!" and a comma-separated list of IP addresses
           (host or net) that you wish to exclude (see
           shorewall-exclusion[6](5))). Note that a colon (":") must appear
           between an interface name and the exclusion;

           Example: eth1:!192.168.1.4,192.168.32.0/27

           In that example traffic from eth1 would be masqueraded unless it
           came from 192.168.1.4 or 196.168.32.0/27

       ADDRESS (Optional) -
       [-|NONAT|[address-or-address-range[,address-or-address-range]...][:lowport-highport][:random][:persistent]|detect|random]
           If you specify an address here, SNAT will be used and this will be
           the source address. If ADD_SNAT_ALIASES is set to Yes or yes in
           shorewall.conf[3](5) then Shorewall will automatically add this
           address to the INTERFACE named in the first column.

           You may also specify a range of up to 256 IP addresses if you want
           the SNAT address to be assigned from that range in a round-robin
           fashion by connection. The range is specified by
           first.ip.in.range-last.ip.in.range. You may follow the port range
           with :random in which case assignment of ports from the list will
           be random.  random may also be specified by itself in this column
           in which case random local port assignments are made for the
           outgoing connections.

           Example: 206.124.146.177-206.124.146.180

           You may follow the port range (or :random) with :persistent. This
           is only useful when an address range is specified and causes a
           client to be given the same source/destination IP pair. This
           feature replaces the SAME modifier which was removed from Shorewall
           in version 4.4.0. Unlike random, persistent may not be used by
           itself.

           You may also use the special value "detect" which causes Shorewall
           to determine the IP addresses configured on the interface named in
           the INTERFACES column and substitute them in this column.

           Finally, you may also specify a comma-separated list of ranges
           and/or addresses in this column.

           This column may not contain DNS Names.

           Normally, Netfilter will attempt to retain the source port number.
           You may cause netfilter to remap the source port by following an
           address or range (if any) by ":" and a port range with the format
           lowport-highport. If this is done, you must specify "tcp" or "udp"
           in the PROTO column.

           Examples:

                       192.0.2.4:5000-6000
                       :4000-5000

           If you simply place NONAT in this column, no rewriting of the
           source IP address or port number will be performed. This is useful
           if you want particular traffic to be exempt from the entries that
           follow in the file.

           If you want to leave this column empty but you need to specify the
           next column then place a hyphen ("-") here.

       PROTO (Optional) - {-|[!]protocol-name|[!]protocol-number}
           If you wish to restrict this entry to a particular protocol then
           enter the protocol name (from protocols(5)) or number here.

       PORT(S) (Optional) - [[!]port-name-or-number[,port-name-or-number]...]
           If the PROTO column specifies TCP (6), UDP (17), DCCP (33), SCTP
           (132) or UDPLITE (136) then you may list one or more port numbers
           (or names from services(5)) separated by commas or you may list a
           single port range (lowport:highport).

           Where a comma-separated list is given, your kernel and iptables
           must have multiport match support and a maximum of 15 ports may be
           listed.

       IPSEC (Optional) - [option[,option]...]
           If you specify a value other than "-" in this column, you must be
           running kernel 2.6 and your kernel and iptables must include policy
           match support.

           Comma-separated list of options from the following. Only packets
           that will be encrypted via an SA that matches these options will
           have their source address changed.

           reqid=number
               where number is specified using setkey(8) using the
               'unique:number option for the SPD level.

           spi=<number>
               where number is the SPI of the SA used to encrypt/decrypt
               packets.

           proto=ah|esp|ipcomp
               IPSEC Encapsulation Protocol

           mss=number
               sets the MSS field in TCP packets

           mode=transport|tunnel
               IPSEC mode

           tunnel-src=address[/mask]
               only available with mode=tunnel

           tunnel-dst=address[/mask]
               only available with mode=tunnel

           strict
               Means that packets must match all rules.

           next
               Separates rules; can only be used with strict

       MARK - [!]value[/mask][:C]
           Defines a test on the existing packet or connection mark. The rule
           will match only if the test returns true.

           If you don't want to define a test but need to specify anything in
           the following columns, place a "-" in this field.

           !
               Inverts the test (not equal)

           value
               Value of the packet or connection mark.

           mask
               A mask to be applied to the mark before testing.

           :C
               Designates a connection mark. If omitted, the packet mark's
               value is tested.

       USER/GROUP (Optional) -
       [!][user-name-or-number][:group-name-or-number][+program-name]
           Only locally-generated connections will match if this column is
           non-empty.

           When this column is non-empty, the rule matches only if the program
           generating the output is running under the effective user and/or
           group specified (or is NOT running under that id if "!" is given).

           Examples:

           joe
               program must be run by joe

           :kids
               program must be run by a member of the 'kids' group

           !:kids
               program must not be run by a member of the 'kids' group

           +upnpd
               #program named upnpd

                   Important
                   The ability to specify a program name was removed from
                   Netfilter in kernel version 2.6.14.

EXAMPLES

       Example 1:
           You have a simple masquerading setup where eth0 connects to a DSL
           or cable modem and eth1 connects to your local network with subnet
           192.168.0.0/24.

           Your entry in the file can be either:

                       #INTERFACE   SOURCE
                       eth0         eth1

           or

                       #INTERFACE   SOURCE
                       eth0    192.168.0.0/24

       Example 2:
           You add a router to your local network to connect subnet
           192.168.1.0/24 which you also want to masquerade. You then add a
           second entry for eth0 to this file:

                       #INTERFACE   SOURCE
                       eth0         192.168.1.0/24

       Example 3:
           You have an IPSEC tunnel through ipsec0 and you want to masquerade
           packets coming from 192.168.1.0/24 but only if these packets are
           destined for hosts in 10.1.1.0/24:

                       #INTERFACE              SOURCE
                       ipsec0:10.1.1.0/24      196.168.1.0/24

       Example 4:
           You want all outgoing traffic from 192.168.1.0/24 through eth0 to
           use source address 206.124.146.176 which is NOT the primary address
           of eth0. You want 206.124.146.176 to be added to eth0 with name
           eth0:0.

                       #INTERFACE              SOURCE          ADDRESS
                       eth0:0                  192.168.1.0/24  206.124.146.176

       Example 5 (using the deprecated form with an interface name in the
       SOURCE column):
           You want all outgoing SMTP traffic entering the firewall on eth1 to
           be sent from eth0 with source IP address 206.124.146.177. You want
           all other outgoing traffic from eth1 to be sent from eth0 with
           source IP address 206.124.146.176.

                       #INTERFACE   SOURCE  ADDRESS         PROTO   PORT(S)
                       eth0         eth1    206.124.146.177 tcp     smtp
                       eth0         eth1    206.124.146.176

               Warning
               The order of the above two rules is significant!

FILES

       /etc/shorewall/masq

SEE ALSO

       shorewall(8), shorewall-accounting(5), shorewall-actions(5),
       shorewall-blacklist(5), shorewall-exclusion(5), shorewall-hosts(5),
       shorewall-interfaces(5), shorewall-ipsec(5), shorewall-maclist(5),
       shorewall-nat(5), shorewall-netmap(5), shorewall-params(5),
       shorewall-policy(5), shorewall-providers(5), shorewall-proxyarp(5),
       shorewall-route_rules(5), shorewall-routestopped(5),
       shorewall-rules(5), shorewall.conf(5), shorewall-tcclasses(5),
       shorewall-tcdevices(5), shorewall-tcrules(5), shorewall-tos(5),
       shorewall-tunnels(5), shorewall-zones(5)

NOTES

        1. shorewall-route_rules
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-route_rules.html

        2. shorewall-tcrules
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-tcrules.html

        3. shorewall.conf
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall.conf.html

        4. shorewall-interfaces
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-interfaces.html

        5. more that one internet provider share a single interface
           http://www.shorewall.net/4.4/MultiISP.html#Shared

        6. shorewall-exclusion
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-exclusion.html

        7. shorewall-nat
           http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-nat.html

[FIXME: source]                   06/17/2010