NAME
rlpr - remote off-line print
SYNOPSIS
rlpr [-Hprinthost] [-Pprinter] [-Xproxyhost] [-#copies] [-Cclass]
[-Jjob] [-Ttitle] [-Uuser] [-i[indent]] [-wwidth]
[-1234cdfghlmnopqrstvNV] [--debug] [--port=port] [--hostname=hostname]
[--send-data-first] [--timeout=seconds] [--tmpdir=dir] [--verbose]
[--windows] [file ...]
DESCRIPTION
rlpr uses TCP/IP to send print jobs to lpd servers anywhere on a
network. Unlike lpr, it does not require that the remote printers be
explicitly known to the local system (traditionally through
/etc/printcap), and thus is considerably more flexible and requires
less administration.
rlpr can be used anywhere a traditional lpr might be used, and is
backwards compatible with traditional BSD lpr. If rlpr is invoked as
lpr, it preserves all known lpr semantics.
rlpr can be installed and used in two different ways: (the same
guidelines apply for rlpq(1) and rlprm(1))
1. Ideally, if the rlpr client can be installed setuid root, then rlpr
can interact directly with other lpd’s on the network. See EXAMPLES
below.
2. If rlpr cannot be installed setuid root (in cases where one is not
the administrator on the machine one needs to print from) then rlpr can
be used in conjunction with an rlprd proxy agent. See CONFIGURING A
PROXY and EXAMPLES below for details.
MOTIVATION
Traditional Berkeley lpr has one major drawback: the mortal user cannot
lpr to a printer which is not listed explicitly in the /etc/printcap
file.
This is especially annoying in scenarios where there is a central UNIX
server which many users (using their own desktop computers) connect to
in order to do their daily work; If those users wish to print files
from the central server to their personal machines (assuming they had a
local lpd), they cannot do this without the central server’s
/etc/printcap being edited to contain the host and printer of each user
on the network - this scales horribly.
OPTIONS
Environment/Setup
--debug
Print gobs of debugging information.
-N, --no-bind
Don’t try to bind to privileged port before connecting to lpd.
Please see CONFIGURING A PROXY below for information on use of
this option.
--port=number
Select an alternate port (instead of 7290) to connect to, if
using rlprd. Usually not needed.
-H, --printhost=host
Select the host to print to (used with -P).
Instead of using -H, one can specify the hostname directly
including it with the printer name with the printer@hostname
syntax.
-P, --printer=printername, --queue=printername
Select the printer to print to (used with -H).
-X, --proxyhost=proxyhost
Select the proxy host to use, if necessary.
--timeout=seconds
Set the inactivity timer. If the connection hangs for more than
seconds seconds, then rlpr will give up. Use the special value
‘-1’ to wait forever. Default timeout is 3 seconds.
--tmpdir=tmpdir
Use tmpdir for temporary files (by default, /tmp is used)
-V, --version
Print version and exit.
NOTE: instead of specifying the printer, printhost, or proxy variables
on the commandline, one can set up defaults through either environment
variables or rlprrc configuration files. For information on personal
or system-wide rlprrc files, see rlprrc(5).
Behavior
-#, --copies=copies
Print copies copies of each document - use sparingly, printers
aren’t copiers.
-m, --mail
Send mail upon completion.
-q, --quiet, --silent
Quiet mode - stay quiet (except for fatal errors).
-r, --remove
Remove file after printing.
-s
Ignored (provided for compatibility).
--send-data-first
Send the "data" transaction before the "control" transaction.
Should never be required when rlpr is used in conjunction with a
RFC 1179 conformant lpd. However, buggy implementations exist
which require these semantics. Use only when necessary.
--verbose
Verbose mode - on by default unless rlpr is invoked as lpr.
--windows
"Windows" mode - for printing multiple files to a windows-based
lpd.
Document Content
-1 Print data using troff(1) R (times roman) font.
-2 Print data using troff(1) I (times italic) font.
-3 Print data using troff(1) B (times bold) font.
-4 Print data using troff(1) S (special) font.
-c Assume data has been produced by cifplot(1).
-d Assume data has been produced by tex(1).
-f Filter data assuming the start of each line has
a fortran carriage control character.
-g Assume data has been produced by the BSD plot library.
-l Treat control characters as regular characters.
-n Assume data has been produced by ditroff.
-o Assume data is postscript.
-p Print data using pr(1).
-t Assume data has been produced by troff(1).
-v Assume the data contains a raster image.
Document Format
-i, --indent=[cols]
Indent output by cols columns (8 by default).
-h, --no-burst
Do not print burst (banner) page.
-w, --width=width
Use width for page width when using pr(1).
-C, --class=class
Use class for the class name on burst page instead of the local
system name.
-J, --job=jobname
Use jobname for the job name on burst page instead of the first
filename in the job.
-T, --title=title
Use title for the title when using pr(1) instead of the current
filename.
-U, --user=username
Use username for the user name on burst page instead of the
actual username.
--hostname=hostname
Use hostname for the hostname on the burst page instead of the
local system name.
OS-Specific Extensions
See OS-SPECIFIC EXTENSIONS below for details on these options.
--ext=os --extension=os
Interpret the arguments passed to --extargs as if on operating
system os. Currently, os must be either hpux or none.
--extargs="args"
Change behavior according to OS-specific arguments listed in
args.
CONFIGURING A PROXY
In situations where the rlpr client cannot be installed setuid root,
rlpr often cannot directly talk to an lpd because most lpd’s require
that requests come from privileged ports. Unfortunately, rlpr cannot
"come from a privileged port" without having superuser status.
The privileged port requirement is part of RFC 1179.
That said, some lpd’s, most notably some of the ones which have shipped
with Windows NT, Solaris, and NCRunix, do not require requests to come
from a privileged port. Before going through the work of configuring a
proxy, you should make sure one is required for your situation. You
can check by trying to run rlpr: if it is successful in spooling the
job, you do not need to install rlpr setuid root. You should then pass
the -N (or the more verbose --no-bind) to rlpr in the future to
suppress rlpr’s warning messages.
If your situation does not require a privileged port, do not use one.
You can explicitly request a regular port, even when rlpr has been
installed setuid root, by using the --no-bind option. This is a good
idea because there are only 11 privileged ports that the RFC allows.
This ends up having the practical implication of limiting your print
requests to about 11 per every 3 minutes, which is often unacceptable.
The rest of this section assumes that rlpr cannot be installed setuid
root in your situation, and that a remote lpd requires rlpr connect to
it from a privileged port. It requires that you or someone you know
has root access to another machine the network, so that you can use a
proxy, known as rlprd, to get around the problem.
rlprd works by taking lpd requests on a non-privileged port, mapping
them to a privileged port, and sending them out to the real lpd. The
proxy and the lpd need not be on the same machine.
In the scenario provided in the motivation, if each user had root
access on his own machine, it would be optimal for the user to start
rlprd up on his own machine, in which case the proxy and the printhost
are the same machine. The user would additionally have to make sure
his own machine was listed in his local /etc/hosts.lpd so that his lpd
would accept connections from his rlprd.
However, if the machine the user wants to print to is not running unix
(but is running an lpd) (i.e. Windows, WinNT, etc) -- Then that user
can configure his lpd to accept connections from an rlprd running
somewhere on the network, and use that rlprd as a proxy for rlpr.
For more on this mess, see rlprd(8).
EXAMPLES
WITHOUT A PROXY (rlpr is setuid root)
sun% rlpr --printer=hp4l@foo.bar.org foo.c
prints foo.c to the printer hp4l on the host foo.bar.org (assuming
foo.bar.org has been configured to accept print requests from host sun
in its /etc/hosts.lpd).
sun% who | rlpr --printer=hp4l@foo.bar.org
prints the output of who(1) to the printer hp4l on the host
foo.bar.org.
WITH A PROXY (rlpr is a normal program)
sun% rlpr -Xfoo.bar.org --printer=hp4l@foo.bar.org foo.c
prints foo.c to the printer hp4l on the host foo.bar.org using
foo.bar.org as a proxyhost. Under this configuration, foo.bar.org needs
to be configured to accept print requests from the proxy (itself) and
not from sun. In situations where the proxy and the printhost are not
the same machine, this can lead to some security holes due to the
original lameness of berkeley lpd’s host-based security.
NOTE: if a proxyhost isn’t specified anywhere, rlpr assumes one isn’t
necessary.
OS-SPECIFIC EXTENSIONS
Some vendors have added features to their BSD-based lpr products, which
are upwardly compatible with lpr but incompatible with one another. To
support these extensions, rlpr allows the user to indicate what
operating system to emulate and provide a string of OS-specific
options, either through commandline arguments or environment variables.
Note that for correct operation, these extensions should be only used
when interoperating with an lpd provided by the vendor for the
indicated operating system.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables are used by rlpr:
RLPR_EXTENSION
Specifies the operating system to interpret OS-specific
arguments relative to.
RLPR_EXTARGS
Specifies the OS-specific arguments.
RLPR_PRINTHOST
Specifies the default host to print to.
PRINTER or LPDEST
Specifies a default printer (printqueue) to use.
First PRINTER is consulted, then LPDEST.
Note that one can also specify the host to print to by setting
printer to be printer@hostname. This may be more convenient
than setting RLPR_PRINTHOST, but will confuse the traditional
BSD print commands.
RLPR_PROXYHOST
Specifies a proxy host to use, if necessary.
RLPR_CONFDIR
If RLPR_CONFDIR is set, it is the directory containing the
system-wide rlprrc file. By default, /etc is used.
TMPDIR
If TMPDIR is set, it is used for temporary files. By default,
/tmp is used.
FILES
~/.rlprrc Personal printer/host database
$TMPDIR/cf* Temporary control files on local machine
$TMPDIR/df* Temporary data file for jobs from stdin
/var/spool/*/cf* Temporary control files on printhost
/var/spool/*/df* Temporary data files on printhost
/etc/hosts.lpd Host-based security on printhost
/etc/passwd Personal identification
/etc/rlprrc System-wide printer/host database (by default)
SEE ALSO
rlpq(1), rlprm(1), rlprd(8), rlprrc(5), lpr(1)
AUTHOR
meem <meem@gnu.org>
BUGS / LIMITATIONS
Some evil applications have lpr hardcoded into them.