NAME
<math.h>: Mathematics -
Defines
#define M_E 2.7182818284590452354
#define M_LOG2E 1.4426950408889634074
#define M_LOG10E 0.43429448190325182765
#define M_LN2 0.69314718055994530942
#define M_LN10 2.30258509299404568402
#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
#define M_PI_2 1.57079632679489661923
#define M_PI_4 0.78539816339744830962
#define M_1_PI 0.31830988618379067154
#define M_2_PI 0.63661977236758134308
#define M_2_SQRTPI 1.12837916709551257390
#define M_SQRT2 1.41421356237309504880
#define M_SQRT1_2 0.70710678118654752440
#define NAN __builtin_nan('')
#define INFINITY __builtin_inf()
#define cosf cos
#define sinf sin
#define tanf tan
#define fabsf fabs
#define fmodf fmod
#define sqrtf sqrt
#define cbrtf cbrt
#define hypotf hypot
#define squaref square
#define floorf floor
#define ceilf ceil
#define frexpf frexp
#define ldexpf ldexp
#define expf exp
#define coshf cosh
#define sinhf sinh
#define tanhf tanh
#define acosf acos
#define asinf asin
#define atanf atan
#define atan2f atan2
#define logf log
#define log10f log10
#define powf pow
#define isnanf isnan
#define isinff isinf
#define isfinitef isfinite
#define copysignf copysign
#define signbitf signbit
#define fdimf fdim
#define fmaf fma
#define fmaxf fmax
#define fminf fmin
#define truncf trunc
#define roundf round
#define lroundf lround
#define lrintf lrint
Functions
double cos (double __x)
double sin (double __x)
double tan (double __x)
double fabs (double __x)
double fmod (double __x, double __y)
double modf (double __x, double *__iptr)
float modff (float __x, float *__iptr)
double sqrt (double __x)
double cbrt (double __x)
double hypot (double __x, double __y)
double square (double __x)
double floor (double __x)
double ceil (double __x)
double frexp (double __x, int *__pexp)
double ldexp (double __x, int __exp)
double exp (double __x)
double cosh (double __x)
double sinh (double __x)
double tanh (double __x)
double acos (double __x)
double asin (double __x)
double atan (double __x)
double atan2 (double __y, double __x)
double log (double __x)
double log10 (double __x)
double pow (double __x, double __y)
int isnan (double __x)
int isinf (double __x)
static int isfinite (double __x)
static double copysign (double __x, double __y)
int signbit (double __x)
double fdim (double __x, double __y)
double fma (double __x, double __y, double __z)
double fmax (double __x, double __y)
double fmin (double __x, double __y)
double trunc (double __x)
double round (double __x)
long lround (double __x)
long lrint (double __x)
Detailed Description
#include <math.h>
This header file declares basic mathematics constants and functions.
Notes:
o In order to access the functions delcared herein, it is usually
also required to additionally link against the library libm.a.
See also the related FAQ entry.
o Math functions do not raise exceptions and do not change the
errno variable. Therefore the majority of them are declared with
const attribute, for better optimization by GCC.
Define Documentation
#define acosf acos The alias for acos().
#define asinf asin The alias for asin().
#define atan2f atan2 The alias for atan2().
#define atanf atan The alias for atan().
#define cbrtf cbrt The alias for cbrt().
#define ceilf ceil The alias for ceil().
#define copysignf copysign The alias for copysign().
#define cosf cos The alias for cos().
#define coshf cosh The alias for cosh().
#define expf exp The alias for exp().
#define fabsf fabs The alias for fabs().
#define fdimf fdim The alias for fdim().
#define floorf floor The alias for floor().
#define fmaf fma The alias for fma().
#define fmaxf fmax The alias for fmax().
#define fminf fmin The alias for fmin().
#define fmodf fmod The alias for fmod().
#define frexpf frexp The alias for frexp().
#define hypotf hypot The alias for hypot().
#define INFINITY __builtin_inf() INFINITY constant.
#define isfinitef isfinite The alias for isfinite().
#define isinff isinf The alias for isinf().
#define isnanf isnan The alias for isnan().
#define ldexpf ldexp The alias for ldexp().
#define log10f log10 The alias for log10().
#define logf log The alias for log().
#define lrintf lrint The alias for lrint().
#define lroundf lround The alias for lround().
#define M_1_PI 0.31830988618379067154 The constant 1/pi.
#define M_2_PI 0.63661977236758134308 The constant 2/pi.
#define M_2_SQRTPI 1.12837916709551257390 The constant 2/sqrt(pi).
#define M_E 2.7182818284590452354 The constant e.
#define M_LN10 2.30258509299404568402 The natural logarithm of the 10.
#define M_LN2 0.69314718055994530942 The natural logarithm of the 2.
#define M_LOG10E 0.43429448190325182765 The logarithm of the e to base
10.
#define M_LOG2E 1.4426950408889634074 The logarithm of the e to base 2.
#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846 The constant pi.
#define M_PI_2 1.57079632679489661923 The constant pi/2.
#define M_PI_4 0.78539816339744830962 The constant pi/4.
#define M_SQRT1_2 0.70710678118654752440 The constant 1/sqrt(2).
#define M_SQRT2 1.41421356237309504880 The square root of 2.
#define NAN __builtin_nan('') NAN constant.
#define powf pow The alias for pow().
#define roundf round The alias for round().
#define signbitf signbit The alias for signbit().
#define sinf sin The alias for sin().
#define sinhf sinh The alias for sinh().
#define sqrtf sqrt The alias for sqrt().
#define squaref square The alias for square().
#define tanf tan The alias for tan().
#define tanhf tanh The alias for tanh().
#define truncf trunc The alias for trunc().
Function Documentation
double acos (double __x) The acos() function computes the principal value
of the arc cosine of __x. The returned value is in the range [0, pi]
radians. A domain error occurs for arguments not in the range [-1, +1].
double asin (double __x) The asin() function computes the principal value
of the arc sine of __x. The returned value is in the range [-pi/2,
pi/2] radians. A domain error occurs for arguments not in the range
[-1, +1].
double atan (double __x) The atan() function computes the principal value
of the arc tangent of __x. The returned value is in the range [-pi/2,
pi/2] radians.
double atan2 (double __y, double __x) The atan2() function computes the
principal value of the arc tangent of __y / __x, using the signs of
both arguments to determine the quadrant of the return value. The
returned value is in the range [-pi, +pi] radians.
double cbrt (double __x) The cbrt() function returns the cube root of __x.
double ceil (double __x) The ceil() function returns the smallest integral
value greater than or equal to __x, expressed as a floating-point
number.
static double copysign (double __x, double __y) [static] The copysign()
function returns __x but with the sign of __y. They work even if __x or
__y are NaN or zero.
double cos (double __x) The cos() function returns the cosine of __x,
measured in radians.
double cosh (double __x) The cosh() function returns the hyperbolic cosine
of __x.
double exp (double __x) The exp() function returns the exponential value of
__x.
double fabs (double __x) The fabs() function computes the absolute value of
a floating-point number __x.
double fdim (double __x, double __y) The fdim() function returns max(__x -
__y, 0). If __x or __y or both are NaN, NaN is returned.
double floor (double __x) The floor() function returns the largest integral
value less than or equal to __x, expressed as a floating-point number.
double fma (double __x, double __y, double __z) The fma() function performs
floating-point multiply-add. This is the operation (__x * __y) + __z,
but the intermediate result is not rounded to the destination type.
This can sometimes improve the precision of a calculation.
double fmax (double __x, double __y) The fmax() function returns the
greater of the two values __x and __y. If an argument is NaN, the other
argument is returned. If both arguments are NaN, NaN is returned.
double fmin (double __x, double __y) The fmin() function returns the lesser
of the two values __x and __y. If an argument is NaN, the other
argument is returned. If both arguments are NaN, NaN is returned.
double fmod (double __x, double __y) The function fmod() returns the
floating-point remainder of __x / __y.
double frexp (double __x, int * __pexp) The frexp() function breaks a
floating-point number into a normalized fraction and an integral power
of 2. It stores the integer in the int object pointed to by __pexp.
If __x is a normal float point number, the frexp() function returns the
value v, such that v has a magnitude in the interval [1/2, 1) or zero,
and __x equals v times 2 raised to the power __pexp. If __x is zero,
both parts of the result are zero. If __x is not a finite number, the
frexp() returns __x as is and stores 0 by __pexp.
Note:
This implementation permits a zero pointer as a directive to skip a
storing the exponent.
double hypot (double __x, double __y) The hypot() function returns
sqrt(__x*__x + __y*__y). This is the length of the hypotenuse of a
right triangle with sides of length __x and __y, or the distance of the
point (__x, __y) from the origin. Using this function instead of the
direct formula is wise, since the error is much smaller. No underflow
with small __x and __y. No overflow if result is in range.
static int isfinite (double __x) [static] The isfinite() function returns a
nonzero value if __x is finite: not plus or minus infinity, and not
NaN.
int isinf (double __x) The function isinf() returns 1 if the argument __x
is positive infinity, -1 if __x is negative infinity, and 0 otherwise.
Note:
The GCC 4.3 can replace this function with inline code that returns
the 1 value for both infinities (gcc bug #35509).
int isnan (double __x) The function isnan() returns 1 if the argument __x
represents a 'not-a-number' (NaN) object, otherwise 0.
double ldexp (double __x, int __exp) The ldexp() function multiplies a
floating-point number by an integral power of 2. It returns the value
of __x times 2 raised to the power __exp.
double log (double __x) The log() function returns the natural logarithm of
argument __x.
double log10 (double __x) The log10() function returns the logarithm of
argument __x to base 10.
long lrint (double __x) The lrint() function rounds __x to the nearest
integer, rounding the halfway cases to the even integer direction.
(That is both 1.5 and 2.5 values are rounded to 2). This function is
similar to rint() function, but it differs in type of return value and
in that an overflow is possible.
Returns:
The rounded long integer value. If __x is not a finite number or an
overflow was, this realization returns the LONG_MIN value
(0x80000000).
long lround (double __x) The lround() function rounds __x to the nearest
integer, but rounds halfway cases away from zero (instead of to the
nearest even integer). This function is similar to round() function,
but it differs in type of return value and in that an overflow is
possible.
Returns:
The rounded long integer value. If __x is not a finite number or an
overflow was, this realization returns the LONG_MIN value
(0x80000000).
double modf (double __x, double * __iptr) The modf() function breaks the
argument __x into integral and fractional parts, each of which has the
same sign as the argument. It stores the integral part as a double in
the object pointed to by __iptr.
The modf() function returns the signed fractional part of __x.
Note:
This implementation skips writing by zero pointer. However, the GCC
4.3 can replace this function with inline code that does not permit
to use NULL address for the avoiding of storing.
float modff (float __x, float * __iptr) The alias for modf().
double pow (double __x, double __y) The function pow() returns the value of
__x to the exponent __y.
double round (double __x) The round() function rounds __x to the nearest
integer, but rounds halfway cases away from zero (instead of to the
nearest even integer). Overflow is impossible.
Returns:
The rounded value. If __x is an integral or infinite, __x itself is
returned. If __x is NaN, then NaN is returned.
int signbit (double __x) The signbit() function returns a nonzero value if
the value of __x has its sign bit set. This is not the same as `__x <
0.0', because IEEE 754 floating point allows zero to be signed. The
comparison `-0.0 < 0.0' is false, but `signbit (-0.0)' will return a
nonzero value.
double sin (double __x) The sin() function returns the sine of __x,
measured in radians.
double sinh (double __x) The sinh() function returns the hyperbolic sine of
__x.
double sqrt (double __x) The sqrt() function returns the non-negative
square root of __x.
double square (double __x) The function square() returns __x * __x.
Note:
This function does not belong to the C standard definition.
double tan (double __x) The tan() function returns the tangent of __x,
measured in radians.
double tanh (double __x) The tanh() function returns the hyperbolic tangent
of __x.
double trunc (double __x) The trunc() function rounds __x to the nearest
integer not larger in absolute value.
Author
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