NAME
rename - change the name or location of a file
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdio.h>
int rename(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
DESCRIPTION
rename() renames a file, moving it between directories if required.
Any other hard links to the file (as created using link(2)) are
unaffected. Open file descriptors for oldpath are also unaffected.
If newpath already exists it will be atomically replaced (subject to a
few conditions; see ERRORS below), so that there is no point at which
another process attempting to access newpath will find it missing.
If oldpath and newpath are existing hard links referring to the same
file, then rename() does nothing, and returns a success status.
If newpath exists but the operation fails for some reason rename()
guarantees to leave an instance of newpath in place.
oldpath can specify a directory. In this case, newpath must either not
exist, or it must specify an empty directory.
However, when overwriting there will probably be a window in which both
oldpath and newpath refer to the file being renamed.
If oldpath refers to a symbolic link the link is renamed; if newpath
refers to a symbolic link the link will be overwritten.
RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is
set appropriately.
ERRORS
EACCES Write permission is denied for the directory containing oldpath
or newpath, or, search permission is denied for one of the
directories in the path prefix of oldpath or newpath, or oldpath
is a directory and does not allow write permission (needed to
update the .. entry). (See also path_resolution(7).)
EBUSY The rename fails because oldpath or newpath is a directory that
is in use by some process (perhaps as current working directory,
or as root directory, or because it was open for reading) or is
in use by the system (for example as mount point), while the
system considers this an error. (Note that there is no
requirement to return EBUSY in such cases — there is nothing
wrong with doing the rename anyway — but it is allowed to return
EBUSY if the system cannot otherwise handle such situations.)
EFAULT oldpath or newpath points outside your accessible address space.
EINVAL The new pathname contained a path prefix of the old, or, more
generally, an attempt was made to make a directory a
subdirectory of itself.
EISDIR newpath is an existing directory, but oldpath is not a
directory.
ELOOP Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving oldpath or
newpath.
EMLINK oldpath already has the maximum number of links to it, or it was
a directory and the directory containing newpath has the maximum
number of links.
ENAMETOOLONG
oldpath or newpath was too long.
ENOENT The link named by oldpath does not exist; or, a directory
component in newpath does not exist; or, oldpath or newpath is
an empty string.
ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available.
ENOSPC The device containing the file has no room for the new directory
entry.
ENOTDIR
A component used as a directory in oldpath or newpath is not, in
fact, a directory. Or, oldpath is a directory, and newpath
exists but is not a directory.
ENOTEMPTY or EEXIST
newpath is a nonempty directory, that is, contains entries other
than "." and "..".
EPERM or EACCES
The directory containing oldpath has the sticky bit (S_ISVTX)
set and the process’s effective user ID is neither the user ID
of the file to be deleted nor that of the directory containing
it, and the process is not privileged (Linux: does not have the
CAP_FOWNER capability); or newpath is an existing file and the
directory containing it has the sticky bit set and the process’s
effective user ID is neither the user ID of the file to be
replaced nor that of the directory containing it, and the
process is not privileged (Linux: does not have the CAP_FOWNER
capability); or the file system containing pathname does not
support renaming of the type requested.
EROFS The file is on a read-only file system.
EXDEV oldpath and newpath are not on the same mounted file system.
(Linux permits a file system to be mounted at multiple points,
but rename() does not work across different mount points, even
if the same file system is mounted on both.)
CONFORMING TO
4.3BSD, C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001.
BUGS
On NFS file systems, you can not assume that if the operation failed
the file was not renamed. If the server does the rename operation and
then crashes, the retransmitted RPC which will be processed when the
server is up again causes a failure. The application is expected to
deal with this. See link(2) for a similar problem.
SEE ALSO
mv(1), chmod(2), link(2), renameat(2), symlink(2), unlink(2),
path_resolution(7), symlink(7)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.24 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.