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NAME

       dracut - create initial ramdisk images for preloading modules

SYNOPSIS

       dracut [OPTION]... <image>  <kernel-version>

DESCRIPTION

       dracut  creates  an initial image used by the kernel for preloading the
       block device modules (such as IDE, SCSI or RAID) which  are  needed  to
       access the root filesystem.

   Options
       -f, --force
              overwrite existing initramfs file.

       -m, --modules LIST
              specify  a  space-separated  list of dracut modules to call when
              building   the    initramfs.     Modules    are    located    in
              /usr/share/dracut/modules.d.

       -o, --omit LIST
              omit a space-separated list of dracut modules.

       -a, --add LIST
              add a space-separated list of dracut modules.

       -d, --drivers LIST
              specify  a space-separated list of kernel modules to exclusively
              include# in the initramfs.  --add-drivers LIST specify a  space-
              separated list of kernel modules to add to the initramfs.

       --filesystems LIST
              specify  a  space-separated list of kernel filesystem modules to
              exclusively include in the generic initramfs.

       -k, --kmoddir {DIR}
              specify the directory, where to look for kernel modules

        --fwdir {DIR}
              specify additional directory, where to look for firmwares

       --kernel-only
              only install kernel drivers and firmware files

       --no-kernel
              do not install kernel drivers and firmware files

       --mdadmconf
              include local /etc/mdadm.conf

       --nomdadmconf
              do not include local /etc/mdadm.conf

       --strip
              strip binaries in the initramfs (default)

       --nostrip
              do not strip binaries in the initramfs

       -h, --help
              display help text and exit.

       --debug
              output debug information of the build process

       -v, --verbose
              verbose output during the build process

       -c, --conf FILE
              specify configuration file to use.  Default: /etc/dracut.conf

       --confdir DIR
              specify    configuration    directory    to    use.     Default:
              /etc/dracut.conf.d

       -l, --local
              local  mode.  Use  modules  from  the  current working directory
              instead      of      the      system-wide      installed      in
              /usr/share/dracut/modules.d.   Useful when running dracut from a
              git checkout.

       -H, --hostonly
              Host-Only mode: Install only what  is  needed  for  booting  the
              local host instead of a generic host.

       -i, --include SOURCE TARGET
              include  the  files  in  the  SOURCE  directory  into the target
              directory in the final initramfs.

       -I, --install LIST
              install the space separated list of files into the initramfs.

KERNEL COMMAND LINE

       The root filesystem used  by  the  kernel  is  specified  in  the  boot
       configuration  file,  as  always.  The traditional root=/dev/hda1 style
       device  specification  is  allowed.  If  a  label  is   used,   as   in
       root=LABEL=rootPart the initrd will search all available devices for an
       ext2 or ext3 filesystem with the  appropriate  label,  and  mount  that
       device  as  the  root  filesystem.  root=UUID=uuidnumber will mount the
       partition with that UUID as the root filesystem.

   Standard
       init=<path to real init>

       root=<path to blockdevice>
              specify blockdevice to use as root filesystem.
               e.g.
                root=/dev/sda1
                root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1

       rootfstype=<filesystem type>
              "auto" if not specified, e.g. rootfstype=ext3

       rootflags=<mount options>
              specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not
              set,  /etc/fstab  of  the  real  root will be parsed for special
              mount options and mounted accordingly.

       rd_NO_FSTAB
              do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found
              in /etc/fstab of the real root.

   Misc
       rdblacklist=<drivername>
              do not load kernel module <drivername>

       rdloaddriver=<drivername>
              force loading kernel module <drivername>

   Debug
       rdinfo print informational output though "quiet" is set

       rdshell
              allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails

       rdinitdebug
              set  -x  for  the  dracut  shell  and logs to dmesg, console and
              /init.log

       rdbreak
              drop to a shell at the end

       rdbreak={cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount |pre-
       pivot}
              drop to a shell on defined breakpoint

       rdudevinfo
              set udev to loglevel info

       rdudevdebug
              set udev to loglevel debug

       rdnetdebug
              debug network scripts in dracut. Output is written to /tmp/

   I18N
        e.g.
         LANG=en_US.UTF-8
         SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16
         KEYTABLE=de-latin1-nodeadkeys

       KEYBOARDTYPE=sun|pc
              will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs

       KEYTABLE=<keytable filename>
              will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs

       SYSFONT=Console font
              will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs

       SYSFONTACM=Unicode font map
              will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs

       UNIMAP=Unicode font map
              will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs

       LANG=<locale>
              will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs

   LVM
       rd_NO_LVM
              disable LVM detection

       rd_LVM_VG=<volume group name>
              only activate the volume groups with the  given  name  rd_LVM_VG
              can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line.

       rd_LVM_LV=<logical volume name>
              only  activate  the  volume groups with the given name rd_LVM_LV
              can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line.

       rd_NO_LVMCONF
              remove any /etc/lvm/lvm.conf, which may exist in the initramfs

   crypto LUKS
       rd_NO_LUKS
              disable crypto LUKS detection

       rd_LUKS_UUID=<luks uuid>
              only activate the  LUKS  partitions  with  the  given  UUID  Any
              "luks-"  of  the  LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to <luks
              uuid>.  The comparisons also matches, if <luks uuid> is only the
              beginning  of  the  LUKS  UUID, so you don’t have to specify the
              full UUID.  rd_NO_CRYPTTAB do not check if LUKS partition is  in
              /etc/crypttab

   MD
       rd_NO_MD
              disable MD RAID detection

       rd_NO_MDIMSM
              no MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use dmraid instead

       rd_NO_MDADMCONF
              ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs

       rd_MD_UUID=<md uuid>
              only activate the raid sets with the given UUID

   DMRAID
       rd_NO_DM
              disable DM RAID detection

       rd_DM_UUID=<dmraid uuid>
              only activate the raid sets with the given UUID

   Network
       ip={dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}
              dhcp|on|any:  get  ip  from  dhcp server from all interfaces. If
              root=dhcp, loop sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1,
              ...) and use the first with a valid DHCP root-path.

              auto6: do IPv6 autoconfiguration

       ip=<interface>:{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}
              dhcp|on|any|dhcp6:  get  ip  from  dhcp  server  on  a  specific
              interface

              auto6: do IPv6 autoconfiguration

       ip=<client-IP>:[<server-id>]:<gateway-IP>:<netmask>:<clienthostname>
       :<interface>:{none|off}
              explicit network configuration. If you want  do  define  a  IPv6
              address, put it in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]).

       ifname=<interface>:<MAC>
              Assign network device name <interface> (ie eth0) to the NIC with
              MAC <MAC>.  Note letters in the MAC-address must  be  lowercase!
              Note  that  if  you  use this option you must specify an ifname=
              argument for all interfaces used in ip= or fcoe= arguments

       bootdev=<interface>
              specify network interface to use routing and netroot information
              from.  Required if multiple ip= lines are used.

       nameserver=<IP> [nameserver=<IP> ...]
              specify nameserver(s) to use

   NFS
       root=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]
              mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is
              given, use dhcp next_server.  NFS options can be  appended  with
              the prefix ":" or "," and are seperated by ",".

       root=nfs:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]

       root=nfs4:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]

       root=dhcp|dhcp6
              root=dhcp  alone  directs  initrd  to look at the DHCP root-path
              where NFS options can be specified.
                  root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
                  root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
                  root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]

       root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
              Deprecated! kernel Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt defines
              this method.  This is supported by dracut but not recommended.

       rd_NFS_DOMAIN=<NFSv4 domain name>
              Set  the  NFSv4  domain  name.  Will  overwrite  the settings in
              /etc/idmap.conf.

   iSCSI
       root=iscsi:[username:password[:reverse:password]@][<servername>]
       :[<protocol>]:[<port>]:[<LUN>]:<targetname>
              protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0".

              If the "servername" field is provided by  BOOTP  or  DHCP,  then
              that  field  is used in conjunction with other associated fields
              to contact the boot  server  in  the  Boot  stage  (Section  7).
              However,  if  the  "servername"  field is not provided, then the
              "targetname" field is then used in the Discovery  Service  stage
              in conjunction with other associated fields.

              http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173

       root=iscsi:[username:password[:reverse:password]@][<servername>]
       :[<protocol>]:[<port>]:[<LUN>]:<targetname>
              e.g. root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0

       root=??? netroot=iscsi:[username:password[:reverse:password]@]
       [<servername>]:[<protocol>]:[<port>]:[<LUN>]:<targetname> ...
              multiple  netroot  options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks
              Not yet implemented!
               e.g.
                root=UUID=12424547
                netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
                netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1

       root=??? iscsi_initiator=<initiator> iscsi_target_name=<target name>
       iscsi_target_ip=<target ip> iscsi_target_port=<target port>
       iscsi_target_group=<target group> iscsi_username=<username>
       iscsi_password=<password> iscsi_in_username=<in username>
       iscsi_in_password=<in password>
              manually    specify    all     iscsistart     parameter     (see
              iscsistart --help)

       root=??? iscsi_firmware
              will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware

   FCoE
       netroot=fcoe:<interface|MAC>:<dcb|nodcb>
              Try  to  connect  to  a  FCoE  SAN  through the NIC specified by
              <interface> or <MAC>, for the second  argument,  currently  only
              nodcb  is  supported.  Note  letters  in the MAC-address must be
              lowercase!

   NBD
       root=nbd:<server>:<port>[:<fstype>][:<mountopts>]
              mount nbd share from <server>

       root=dhcp
              with dhcp root-path=nbd:<server>:<port>[:<fstype>][:<mountopts>]
              root=dhcp  alone  directs  initrd  to look at the DHCP root-path
              where NBD options can be specified.  This syntax is only  usable
              in  cases  where  you  are  directly  mounting the volume as the
              rootfs.

   DASD
       rd_DASD_MOD=....
              same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only)

       rd_DASD=<dasd adaptor device bus ID>[,readonly=X][,use_diag=X]
       [,erplog=X][,failfast=X]
              activate DASD device with the given adaptor device  bus  ID  and
              setting the sysfs attributes to the specified values

   ZFCP
       rd_ZFCP=<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>,<WWPN>,<FCPLUN>
              rd_ZFCP  can  be  specified multiple times on the kernel command
              line.

              example: rd_ZFCP=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000

       rd_NO_ZFCPCONF
              ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs

   CCW
       rd_CCW=<nettype>,<subchannels>,<options>
              rd_CCW can be specified multiple times  on  the  kernel  command
              line. Examples:
                  rd_CCW=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo
                  rd_CCW=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,protocol=bar

   Plymouth Boot Splash
       rd_NO_PLYMOUTH
              do not  start  plymouth.  This  will  not  work  with  encrypted
              partitions.

FILES

       /var/log/dracut.log

       /tmp/dracut.log
              see dracut.conf(5)

       /etc/dracut.conf

   Configuration in the Initramfs
       /conf/conf.d/
              Any  files  found  in  /conf/conf.d/  will  be  sourced  in  the
              initramfs to set  initial  values.  Command  line  options  will
              override these values set in the configuration files.

       /etc/cmdline
              Can contain additional command line options.

AUTHORS

       Harald Hoyer <harald@redhat.com>
       Victor Lowther <victor.lowther@gmail.com>
       Warren Togami <wtogami@redhat.com>
       Jeremy Katz <katzj@redhat.com>
       Philippe Seewer <philippe.seewer@bfh.ch>
       David Dillow <dave@thedillows.org>

AVAILABILITY

       The  dracut command is part of the dracut package and is available from
       http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/dracut/wiki

SEE ALSO

       dracut.conf(5)