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NAME

       pam_afs_session - AFS PAG and token PAM module

SYNOPSIS

         auth          optional        pam_afs_session.so
         session       required        pam_afs_session.so

DESCRIPTION

       The AFS session service module for PAM, typically installed at
       /lib/security/pam_afs_session.so, establishes new AFS sessions and
       obtains AFS tokens when a new session is opened for a user.  It is a
       shared object that is dynamically loaded by the PAM subsystem as
       necessary, based on the system PAM configuration.  PAM is a system for
       plugging in external authentication and session management modules so
       that each application doesn't have to know the best way to check user
       authentication or create a user session on that system.  For details on
       how to configure PAM on your system, see the PAM man page, often
       pam(7).

       This module provides pam_setcred, pam_open_session, and
       pam_close_session implementations for AFS.  Because pam_setcred is part
       of the auth PAM group, it also implements a dummy pam_authenticate that
       always succeeds (otherwise, it can't provide a pam_setcred).

       Make sure that this module is NEVER listed as "sufficient" or as the
       only "required" module in the auth group.  Doing so will potentially
       allow users to log on without any password.  There unfortunately isn't
       a way to work around this and still provide pam_setcred without running
       afoul of a bug in (at least) Linux PAM 0.99.7.1 and probably earlier
       that causes authentication to fail when the final module in the auth
       group returns PAM_IGNORE and "[default=done]" was given as the action.

       Here are the actions of this module:

       pam_open_session
           When a new session is opened, this module will first check to see
           if AFS is running on the system.  If not, it will log a message and
           exit successfully.  If AFS is running, it will place the user's
           session in a new PAG (Process Authentication Group, often
           implemented as supplemental groups, which limits user tokens to
           only processes in that PAG).  It will then attempt to obtain
           tokens, either directly if built with the Heimdal libkafs library
           and Kerberos support or by running an external aklog program.  If
           PAG creation fails, the module will fail; if obtainint tokens
           fails, the module will log a warning but still return success.

           The module will only attempt to obtain tokens if the environment
           variable KRB5CCNAME is set in the environment, unless otherwise
           configured (see the always_aklog option).  It will always create a
           new PAG, however.

       pam_close_session
           If and only if pam_open_session successfully obtained AFS tokens
           and AFS is still running on the system, pam_close_session will
           delete the tokens in the current PAG (equivalent to running unlog).
           To leave the tokens after session close, set the retain_after_close
           option.

       pam_setcred
           When pam_setcred is called with the PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED flag, it
           will do the same as if pam_open_session was called.  When
           pam_setcred is called with the PAM_DELETE_CRED flag, it will do the
           same as if pam_close_session was called.  When called with the
           PAM_REINITIALIZE_CRED flag or the PAM_REFRESH_CRED flag, it won't
           create a new PAG but instead will only attempt to get new tokens
           (still skipping this unless KRB5CCNAME is set in the environment or
           always_aklog is set).

       This module is primarily intended for use with a Kerberos v5
       authentication module.  It does not itself do any user authentication;
       it cannot, for instance, be used to authenticate users to a kaserver.
       While it is intended for use with an aklog that uses Kerberos v5 ticket
       caches to obtain tokens, it can be used with any aklog implementation
       (always_aklog may have to be set if no Kerberos v5 ticket cache will be
       present).

       This module performs no authorization checks and does not hook into
       password changes; it only implements the session functions and
       pam_setcred.

CONFIGURATION

       The AFS session PAM module supports the following configuration
       options, which may be set in the PAM configuration as arguments listed
       after "pam_afs_session.so" or in the system krb5.conf.

       Some of them take arguments, in which case the argument will be given
       after "=".  The rest are boolean options.  To set a boolean option in
       the PAM configuration, just give the name of the option in the
       arguments.  To set an option that takes an argument, follow the option
       name with an equal sign ("=") and the value, with no separating
       whitespace.  Whitespace in option arguments is not supported in the PAM
       configuration.

       To set an option for the PAM module in the system krb5.conf file, put
       that option in the [appdefaults] section.  The AFS session PAM module
       will look for options either at the top level of the [appdefaults]
       section or in a subsection named "pam-afs-session" (currently, realm-
       specific configuration is not checked).  For example, the following
       fragment of a krb5.conf file would set aklog_homedir to true and
       minimum_uid to 100.

           [appdefaults]
               aklog_homedir = true
               pam-afs-session = {
                   minimum_uid = 100
               }

       There is no difference to the PAM module whether options are specified
       at the top level or in a "pam-afs-session" section; the
       "pam-afs-session" section is supported in case there are options that
       should be set for the PAM module but not for other applications.  For
       more information on the syntax of krb5.conf, see krb5.conf(5).

       If the same option is set in krb5.conf and in the PAM configuration,
       the latter takes precedent.  Note, however, that due to the
       configuration syntax, there's no way to turn off a boolean option in
       the PAM configuration that was turned on in krb5.conf.

       afs_cells=cell[,cell...]
           Obtain tokens for the listed cells instead of the default local
           cell.  If more than one cell is listed, try to obtain tokens for
           each cell.  If specified in krb5.conf, the cells can be separated
           by any combination of spaces and commas; if specified in the PAM
           configuration, they must be separated by commas.

           If the AFS session PAM module is running an external program, this
           option is implemented by passing a -c flag with the cell as its
           argument for each listed cell to that program.  If aklog_homedir is
           also set, the -c flags and the -p flag will all be passed to the
           external program.

       aklog_homedir
           Try to obtain the necessary tokens to access the user's home
           directory.  If the libkafs token-obtaining API is used, setting
           this will cause the AFS session PAM module to pass the user's home
           directory into that API and request that the appropriate tokens be
           obtained.  If running an external aklog program, aklog will be
           called with -p home-directory where home-directory is the home
           directory of the local user for which the session is being opened
           or refreshed.  This generally will tell aklog to check that path,
           find all AFS cells involved in access to that path, and attempt to
           obtain tokens for each one.  Note that this means that if the
           user's home directory is not in AFS, no tokens will be obtained.

           In either case, the user's home directory is obtained via
           getpwnam() based on the username PAM says we are authenticating.

       always_aklog
           Normally, the AFS session PAM module only tries to obtain tokens if
           KRB5CCNAME is set in the PAM environment.  If this option is set,
           it will always attempt to obtain tokens.  This is only useful if it
           is configured to run an external aklog program.

           This can be used if your environment doesn't correctly set
           KRB5CCNAME in the environment for some reason, or if your aklog
           doesn't rely on a Kerberos ticket cache to obtain tokens (or can
           find the cache on its own via some other means).

       debug
           If this option is set, additional trace information will be logged
           to syslog with priority LOG_DEBUG.

       ignore_root
           If this option is set, the AFS session PAM module won't take any
           action (and will exit successfully) if the account for which the
           session is being established is named "root".

       kdestroy
           If this option is set and the AFS session PAM module was built with
           Kerberos support, the user's ticket cache will be destroyed after
           tokens are obtained successfully.  If tokens are not obtained
           successfully, the ticket cache will be left intact.  Please note
           that this is not properly a security feature, since the ticket
           cache will still be written to disk between the time the Kerberos
           PAM module authenticates the user and the time the AFS session PAM
           module is run.  It can, however, be used to reduce the window
           during which Kerberos ticket caches are lying about if the only use
           one has for ticket caches is to obtain AFS tokens.

       minimum_uid=uid
           If this option is set, the AFS session PAM module won't take any
           action (and will exit successfully) if the account for which the
           session is being established has a UID lower than uid.

       nopag
           If this option is set, no PAG will be created.  Be careful when
           using this option, since it means that the user will inherit a PAG
           from the process managing the login.  If sshd, for instance, is
           started in a PAG, every user who logs in via ssh will be put in the
           same PAG and will share tokens if this option is used.

       notokens
           If this option is set, the AFS session PAM module will only create
           a PAG and not attempt to obtain tokens.  Setting this option
           overrides all other settings related to acquiring tokens, including
           always_aklog.  If both nopag and notokens are set, the module
           essentially does nothing.

           Setting notokens also implies retain_after_close, meaning that the
           AFS session PAM module will also not attempt to delete tokens when
           the user's session ends.

       program=path
           The path to the aklog program to run.  Setting this option tells
           the AFS session PAM module to always run an external program to
           obtain tokens and never use the libkafs interface, even if the
           latter is available.

           If this option is not set, the default behavior is to call the
           libkafs function to obtain tokens, if available, and otherwise to
           use a default path to aklog determined at compile time (the first
           aklog found on the compiler's path by default).  If no aklog could
           be found at compile time and libkafs isn't used, this option must
           be set.

       retain_after_close
           If this option is set, pam_close_session will do nothing
           (successfully) rather than deleting tokens.  This will allow
           programs started in the user's PAG that are still running when the
           log out to continue to use the user's tokens until they expire.
           Normally, the AFS kernel module will automatically clean up tokens
           once every process in that PAG has terminated.

ENVIRONMENT

       KRB5CCNAME
           This module looks for KRB5CCNAME in the PAM environment and by
           default does not run aklog if it is not set.

       The entire PAM environment is passed to aklog as its environment
       (rather than the environment of the process running the PAM functions).

WARNINGS

       As mentioned above, this module implements a dummy pam_authenticate
       function so that it can provide a pam_setcred function.  Never list
       this module as "sufficient" or as the only "required" module or you may
       allow users to log on without a password.

       To detect whether AFS is running on the system, the AFS session PAM
       module teporarily sets a SIGSYS handler before attempting an AFS system
       call.  That handler may also modify a static variable.  Neither of
       these should ideally be done in a PAM module, but there is no other
       good way of checking for the non-existence of a system call that
       doesn't crash the application on some operating systems.  The PAM
       module will attempt to restore the previous SIGSYS handler, if any,
       after the test is done, and the static variable is used in such a way
       that running it from multiple threads shouldn't be an issue, but be
       aware that the PAM module is doing this behind the back of the
       application and may interfere with unusual SIGSYS handlers or similar
       application actions.

NOTES

       When using the libkafs interface to obtain tokens, be sure that it is
       configured properly for the type of AFS tokens expected at your site.
       As of Heimdal 0.7, the default behavior is to contact the krb524
       service to translate Kerberos v5 tickets into Kerberos v4 tickets to
       use as tokens.  AFS cells running current server software no longer
       need this, and if your site doesn't run the krb524 service, this may
       break token acquisition.

       Sites running AFS servers that understand Kerberos-v5-derived tokens
       should add configuration like:

           libkafs = {
               EXAMPLE.ORG = {
                   afs-use-524 = no
               }
           }

       to the [appdefaults] section of their krb5.conf files to disable use of
       the krb524 service.  See the Heimdal kafs man page for more
       information.

SEE ALSO

       aklog(1), kafs(3), pam(7), syslog(3), unlog(1)