NAME
strtoul, strtoull - convert a string to an unsigned long
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
unsigned long strtoul(const char *restrict str,
char **restrict endptr, int base);
unsigned long long strtoull(const char *restrict str,
char **restrict endptr, int base);
DESCRIPTION
These functions shall convert the initial portion of the string pointed
to by str to a type unsigned long and unsigned long long
representation, respectively. First, they decompose the input string
into three parts:
1. An initial, possibly empty, sequence of white-space characters (as
specified by isspace())
2. A subject sequence interpreted as an integer represented in some
radix determined by the value of base
3. A final string of one or more unrecognized characters, including
the terminating null byte of the input string
Then they shall attempt to convert the subject sequence to an unsigned
integer, and return the result.
If the value of base is 0, the expected form of the subject sequence is
that of a decimal constant, octal constant, or hexadecimal constant,
any of which may be preceded by a ’+’ or ’-’ sign. A decimal constant
begins with a non-zero digit, and consists of a sequence of decimal
digits. An octal constant consists of the prefix ’0’ optionally
followed by a sequence of the digits ’0’ to ’7’ only. A hexadecimal
constant consists of the prefix 0x or 0X followed by a sequence of the
decimal digits and letters ’a’ (or ’A’ ) to ’f’ (or ’F’ ) with values
10 to 15 respectively.
If the value of base is between 2 and 36, the expected form of the
subject sequence is a sequence of letters and digits representing an
integer with the radix specified by base, optionally preceded by a ’+’
or ’-’ sign. The letters from ’a’ (or ’A’ ) to ’z’ (or ’Z’ ) inclusive
are ascribed the values 10 to 35; only letters whose ascribed values
are less than that of base are permitted. If the value of base is 16,
the characters 0x or 0X may optionally precede the sequence of letters
and digits, following the sign if present.
The subject sequence is defined as the longest initial subsequence of
the input string, starting with the first non-white-space character
that is of the expected form. The subject sequence shall contain no
characters if the input string is empty or consists entirely of white-
space characters, or if the first non-white-space character is other
than a sign or a permissible letter or digit.
If the subject sequence has the expected form and the value of base is
0, the sequence of characters starting with the first digit shall be
interpreted as an integer constant. If the subject sequence has the
expected form and the value of base is between 2 and 36, it shall be
used as the base for conversion, ascribing to each letter its value as
given above. If the subject sequence begins with a minus sign, the
value resulting from the conversion shall be negated. A pointer to the
final string shall be stored in the object pointed to by endptr,
provided that endptr is not a null pointer.
In other than the C or POSIX locales, other implementation-defined
subject sequences may be accepted.
If the subject sequence is empty or does not have the expected form, no
conversion shall be performed; the value of str shall be stored in the
object pointed to by endptr, provided that endptr is not a null
pointer.
The strtoul() function shall not change the setting of errno if
successful.
Since 0, {ULONG_MAX}, and {ULLONG_MAX} are returned on error and are
also valid returns on success, an application wishing to check for
error situations should set errno to 0, then call strtoul() or
strtoull(), then check errno.
RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the converted
value, if any. If no conversion could be performed, 0 shall be returned
and errno may be set to [EINVAL]. If the correct value is outside the
range of representable values, {ULONG_MAX} or {ULLONG_MAX} shall be
returned and errno set to [ERANGE].
ERRORS
These functions shall fail if:
EINVAL The value of base is not supported.
ERANGE The value to be returned is not representable.
These functions may fail if:
EINVAL No conversion could be performed.
The following sections are informative.
EXAMPLES
None.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
RATIONALE
None.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
isalpha() , scanf() , strtod() , strtol() , the Base Definitions volume
of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <stdlib.h>
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .