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NAME

       icon - interpret or compile Icon programs

SYNOPSIS

       icont [ option ... ] file ... [ -x arg ... ]
       iconc [ option ... ] file ... [ -x arg ... ]

DESCRIPTION

       icont  and  iconc  each  convert an Icon source program into executable
       form.  icont translates quickly and  provides  interpretive  execution.
       iconc  takes  longer  to  compile  but  produces  programs that execute
       faster.  icont and iconc for the most part can be used interchangeably.

       This  manual page describes both icont and iconc. Where there there are
       differences in usage between icont and iconc, these are noted.

       File Names: Files whose names end in .icn are assumed to be Icon source
       files.  The  .icn  suffix  may  be omitted; if it is not present, it is
       supplied. The character - can be used to indicate an Icon  source  file
       given in standard input.  Several source files can be given on the same
       command line; if so, they are combined to produce a single program.

       The name of the executable file is the base name  of  the  first  input
       file,  formed  by  deleting  the  suffix, if present. stdin is used for
       source programs given in standard input.

       Processing: As noted in the synopsis  above,  icont  and  iconc  accept
       options   followed  by  file  names,  optionally  followed  by  -x  and
       arguments. If -x is given, the program is  executed  automatically  and
       any following arguments are passed to it.

       icont:  The  processing  performed  by  icont  consists  of two phases:
       translation and linking. During translation, each Icon source  file  is
       translated  into an intermediate language called ucode. Two ucode files
       are produced for each source file, with base names from the source file
       and  suffixes  .u1  and  .u2.  During linking, the one or more pairs of
       ucode files are combined to produce a single  icode  file.   The  ucode
       files are deleted after the icode file is created.

       Processing  by  icont  can  be  terminated  after translation by the -c
       option. In this case, the ucode files are not deleted.   The  names  of
       .u1  files from previous translations can be given on the icont command
       line.  These files and the corresponding .u2 files are included in  the
       linking phase after the translation of any source files.  The suffix .u
       can be  used  in  place  of  .u1;  in  this  case  the  1  is  supplied
       automatically.   Ucode files that are explicitly named are not deleted.

       iconc: The processing performed by iconc consists of two  phases:  code
       generation  and  compilation  and  linking.  The  code generation phase
       produces C code, consisting of a .c and a .h file, with the  base  name
       of  the  first source file. These files are then compiled and linked to
       produce an executable binary file.  The C files  normally  are  deleted
       after compilation and linking.

       Processing  by  iconc can be terminated after code generation by the -c
       option. In this case, the C files are not deleted.

OPTIONS

       The following options are recognized by icont and iconc:

       -c  Stop after producing intermediate files and do not delete them.

       -e file
           Redirect standard error output to file.

       -f s
           Enable full string invocation.

       -o name
           Name the output file name.

       -s  Suppress informative messages.  Normally, both informative messages
           and error messages are sent to standard error output.

       -t  Arrange  for &trace to have an initial value of -1 when the program
           is executed and for iconc enable debugging features.

       -u  Issue warning messages for undeclared identifiers in the program.

       -v i
           Set verbosity level of informative messages to i

       -E  Direct the results of preprocessing to standard output and  inhibit
           further processing.

       The following additional options are recognized by iconc:

       -f string
           Enable features as indicated by the letters in string:

             a all, equivalent to delns

             d enable debugging features: display(), name(), variable(), error
               trace back, and the effect of -f n (see below)

             e enable error conversion

             l enable large-integer arithmetic

             n produce code that keeps track of line numbers and file names in
               the source code

             s enable full string invocation

       -n string
           Disable  specific optimizations. These are indicated by the letters
           in string:

             a all, equivalent to cest

             c control  flow  optimizations  other   than   switch   statement
               optimizations

             e expand  operations in-line when reasonable (keywords are always
               put in-line)

             s optimize   switch   statements   associated   with    operation
               invocations

             t type inference

       -p arg
           Pass arg on to the C compiler used by iconc

       -r path
           Use the run-time system at path, which must end with a slash.

       -C prg
           Have iconc use the C compiler given by prg

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       When  an Icon program is executed, several environment variables
       are examined to determine certain execution parameters.   Values
       in parentheses are the default values.

       BLKSIZE (500000)
           The initial size of the allocated block region, in bytes.

       COEXPSIZE (2000)
           The size, in words, of each co-expression block.

       DBLIST
           The  location  of  data bases for iconc to search before the
           standard one.  The  value  of  DBLIST  should  be  a  blank-
           separated string of the form p1 p2 ...  pn where the pi name
           directories.

       ICONCORE
           If set, a core dump is produced for error termination.

       ICONX
           The location of iconx, the  executor  for  icode  files,  is
           built  into an icode file when it is produced. This location
           can be overridden by setting the environment variable ICONX.
           If  ICONX is set, its value is used in place of the location
           built into the icode file.

       IPATH
           The location of ucode files specified in  link  declarations
           for  icont.  IPATH is a blank-separated list of directories.
           The current directory is always searched  first,  regardless
           of the value of IPATH.

       LPATH
           The  location  of  source  files  specified  in preprocessor
           $include directives and  in  link  declarations  for  iconc.
           LPATH is otherwise similar to IPATH.

       MSTKSIZE (10000)
           The size, in words, of the main interpreter stack for icont.

       NOERRBUF
           By default, &errout is buffered.  If this variable  is  set,
           &errout is not buffered.

       QLSIZE (5000)
           The  size,  in  bytes,  of  the  region used for pointers to
           strings during garbage collection.

       STRSIZE (500000)
           The initial size of the string space, in bytes.

       TRACE
           The initial value of &trace.  If this variable has a  value,
           it overrides the translation-time -t option.

FILES

       icont     Icon translator
       iconc     Icon compiler
       iconx     Icon executor

SEE ALSO

       The  Icon  Programming  Language, Ralph E. Griswold and Madge T.
       Griswold, Prentice-Hall  Inc.,  Englewood  Cliffs,  New  Jersey,
       Second Edition, 1990.

       Version  9.1 of Icon, Ralph E. Griswold, Clinton L. Jeffery, and
       Gregg M. Townsend, IPD267, Department of Computer  Science,  The
       University of Arizona, 1995.

       Version  9  of  the  Icon  Compiler,  Ralph E. Griswold, IPD237,
       Department of Computer Science, The University of Arizona, 1995.

       icon_vt(1)

LIMITATIONS AND BUGS

       The icode files for the interpreter do not stand alone; the Icon
       run-time system (iconx) must be present.

       Stack overflow is checked using a heuristic that is  not  always
       effective.

                            1 November 1995 IPD244b                    ICON(1)